有效管理 aws 安全组对于维护安全且经济高效的云环境至关重要。安全组是 aws 网络安全的重要组成部分,但随着时间的推移,未使用的安全组会不断累积。这些未使用的组不仅会使您的环境变得混乱,还可能带来安全风险或不必要地增加成本。
在本文中,我们将探讨如何使用 python 和 boto3 识别 aws 环境中未使用的安全组、验证它们并确保它们不被任何其他资源引用。我们还将研究如何安全地确定是否可以删除这些组。
要学习本教程,您需要以下内容:
aws 账户:确保您有权访问要搜索未使用的安全组的 aws 环境。
boto3 已安装:您可以通过运行以下命令来安装 boto3 python sdk:
pip install boto3
已配置 aws 凭证:确保您使用 aws cli 或使用 iam 角色或环境变量直接在代码中配置了 aws 凭证。
立即学习“Python免费学习笔记(深入)”;
让我们看一下代码,用于识别给定 aws 区域中未使用的安全组、验证它们并检查它们是否被任何其他组引用。
import boto3 from botocore.exceptions import clienterror def get_unused_security_groups(region='us-east-1'): """ find security groups that are not being used by any resources. """ ec2_client = boto3.client('ec2', region_name=region) try: # get all security groups security_groups = ec2_client.describe_security_groups()['securitygroups'] # get all network interfaces enis = ec2_client.describe_network_interfaces()['networkinterfaces'] # create set of security groups in use used_sg_ids = set() # check security groups attached to enis for eni in enis: for group in eni['groups']: used_sg_ids.add(group['groupid']) # find unused security groups unused_groups = [] for sg in security_groups: if sg['groupid'] not in used_sg_ids: # skip default security groups as they cannot be deleted if sg['groupname'] != 'default': unused_groups.append({ 'groupid': sg['groupid'], 'groupname': sg['groupname'], 'description': sg['description'], 'vpcid': sg.get('vpcid', 'ec2-classic') }) # print results if unused_groups: print(f"\nfound {len(unused_groups)} unused security groups in {region}:") print("-" * 80) for group in unused_groups: print(f"security group id: {group['groupid']}") print(f"name: {group['groupname']}") print(f"description: {group['description']}") print(f"vpc id: {group['vpcid']}") print("-" * 80) else: print(f"\nno unused security groups found in {region}") return unused_groups except clienterror as e: print(f"error retrieving security groups: {str(e)}") return none
def check_sg_references(ec2_client, group_id): """ check if a security group is referenced in other security groups' rules """ try: # check if the security group is referenced in other groups response = ec2_client.describe_security_groups( filters=[ { 'name': 'ip-permission.group-id', 'values': [group_id] } ] ) referencing_groups = response['securitygroups'] # check for egress rules response = ec2_client.describe_security_groups( filters=[ { 'name': 'egress.ip-permission.group-id', 'values': [group_id] } ] ) referencing_groups.extend(response['securitygroups']) return referencing_groups except clienterror as e: print(f"error checking security group references: {str(e)}") return none
def validate_unused_groups(region='us-east-1'): """ validate and provide detailed information about unused security groups """ ec2_client = boto3.client('ec2', region_name=region) unused_groups = get_unused_security_groups(region) if not unused_groups: return print("\nvalidating security group references...") print("-" * 80) for group in unused_groups: group_id = group['groupid'] referencing_groups = check_sg_references(ec2_client, group_id) if referencing_groups: print(f"\nsecurity group {group_id} ({group['groupname']}) is referenced by:") for ref_group in referencing_groups: print(f"- {ref_group['groupid']} ({ref_group['groupname']})") else: print(f"\nsecurity group {group_id} ({group['groupname']}) is not referenced by any other groups") print("this security group can be safely deleted if not needed")
要运行脚本,只需执行 validate_unused_groups 函数即可。例如,当区域设置为 us-east-1 时,脚本将:
Found 5 unused security groups in us-east-1: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Security Group ID: sg-12345678 Name: unused-sg-1 Description: Unused security group VPC ID: vpc-abcde123 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Security Group sg-12345678 (unused-sg-1) is not referenced by any other groups This security group can be safely deleted if not needed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Security Group ID: sg-23456789 Name: unused-sg-2 Description: Another unused group VPC ID: vpc-abcde123 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Security Group sg-23456789 (unused-sg-2) is referenced by: - sg-34567890 (some-other-sg)
使用此脚本,您可以自动执行在 aws 中查找未使用的安全组的过程,并确保您不会保留不必要的资源。这有助于减少混乱、改善安全状况,并可能通过删除未使用的资源来降低成本。
您可以将此脚本扩展为:
确保您的 aws 环境安全且组织良好!
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