Python：一篇文章的全面概述

<code class="python">print("Hello, world!")</code>

<code class="bash">python hello.py</code>

<code class="python">name = "Alice"       # 字符串
age = 25             # 整数
height = 5.7         # 浮点数
is_student = True    # 布尔值</code>

<code class="python"># 条件语句
if age > 18:
    print("成年人")
else:
    print("未成年人")

# 循环
for i in range(5):  # 循环 0 到 4
    print(i)

n = 5
while n > 0:  # 循环直到 n 为 0
    print(n)
    n -= 1</code>

<code class="python">def greet(name):
    return f"您好，{name}！"

print(greet("Alice"))</code>

<code class="python">fruits = ["苹果", "香蕉", "樱桃"]
fruits.append("枣")
print(fruits)  # ['苹果', '香蕉', '樱桃', '枣']</code>

<code class="python">coordinates = (10, 20)
print(coordinates[0])  # 10</code>

<code class="python">person = {"姓名": "Alice", "年龄": 25}
print(person["姓名"])  # Alice</code>

<code class="python">numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3}
print(numbers)  # {1, 2, 3}</code>

<code class="python">import math
print(math.sqrt(16))  # 4.0</code>

<code class="python">class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def introduce(self):
        print(f"我的名字是 {self.name}，我 {self.age} 岁。")

alice = Person("Alice", 25)
alice.introduce()</code>

<code class="python"># 写入文件
with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("你好，文件！")

# 读取文件
with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)  # 你好，文件！</code>

<code class="python">try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("不能除以零！")
finally:
    print("程序执行完毕。")</code>