React已成为构建用户界面(尤其单页应用)最流行的JavaScript库之一。对于高级开发者而言,掌握高级React技术对于创建高效、可扩展和易于维护的应用至关重要。本文深入探讨了每个高级开发者都应了解的20种高级React技术,并附带TypeScript示例(如有适用)。
高阶组件是React中一种复用组件逻辑的模式。HOC是一个函数,它接收一个组件并返回一个新的组件。
import React from 'react'; const withLogger = (WrappedComponent: React.ComponentType) => { return class extends React.Component { componentDidMount() { console.log(`Component ${WrappedComponent.name} mounted`); } render() { return <WrappedComponent {...this.props} />; } }; }; const MyComponent: React.FC = () => <div>Hello World</div>; const MyComponentWithLogger = withLogger(MyComponent);
import React from 'react'; interface DataFetcherProps { render: (data: any) => JSX.Element; } const DataFetcher: React.FC<DataFetcherProps> = ({ render }) => { const data = { name: 'John Doe' }; return render(data); }; const MyComponent: React.FC = () => ( <DataFetcher render={(data) => <div>{data.name}</div>} /> );
import React, { createContext, useContext } from 'react'; const MyContext = createContext<string | null>(null); const MyProvider: React.FC = ({ children }) => { const value = 'Hello from context'; return <MyContext.Provider value={value}>{children}</MyContext.Provider>; }; const MyComponent: React.FC = () => { const value = useContext(MyContext); return <div>{value}</div>; };
import { useState, useEffect } from 'react'; const useFetch = (url: string) => { const [data, setData] = useState<any | null>(null); useEffect(() => { fetch(url) .then((response) => response.json()) .then((data) => setData(data)); }, [url]); return data; }; const MyComponent: React.FC = () => { const data = useFetch('https://api.example.com/data'); return <div>{data ? data.name : 'Loading...'}</div>; };
错误边界是React组件,用于捕获其子组件树中发生的JavaScript错误,记录这些错误并显示备用UI。
import React from 'react'; class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component { state = { hasError: false }; static getDerivedStateFromError(error: any) { return { hasError: true }; } componentDidCatch(error: any, errorInfo: any) { console.log(error, errorInfo); } render() { if (this.state.hasError) { return <h1>Something went wrong.</h1>; } return this.props.children; } } const MyComponent: React.FC = () => { throw new Error('Test error'); return <div>Hello World</div>; }; const App: React.FC = () => ( <ErrorBoundary><MyComponent /></ErrorBoundary> );
代码分割是由Webpack、Rollup和Browserify(通过factor-bundle)等打包工具支持的功能,可以创建多个可以在运行时动态加载的包。
import React, { lazy, Suspense } from 'react'; const LazyComponent = lazy(() => import('./LazyComponent')); const MyComponent: React.FC = () => ( <Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}> <LazyComponent /> </Suspense> );
Memoization是一种优化技术,主要通过存储昂贵函数调用的结果并在相同输入再次出现时返回缓存结果来加快计算机程序的速度。
import React, { useMemo } from 'react'; const MyComponent: React.FC<{ items: number[] }> = ({ items }) => { const sortedItems = useMemo(() => items.sort(), [items]); return <div>{sortedItems.join(', ')}</div>; };
import React from 'react'; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'; const MyPortal: React.FC = () => { return ReactDOM.createPortal( <div>This is rendered in a portal</div>, document.getElementById('portal-root')! ); };
import React, { Fragment } from 'react'; const MyComponent: React.FC = () => ( <Fragment> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </Fragment> );
import React, { useRef, useEffect } from 'react'; const MyComponent: React.FC = () => { const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null); useEffect(() => { inputRef.current?.focus(); }, []); return <input type="text" ref={inputRef} />; };
import React, { forwardRef, useRef } from 'react'; const MyInput = forwardRef<HTMLInputElement, any>((props, ref) => ( <input type="text" {...props} ref={ref} /> )); const MyComponent: React.FC = () => { const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null); return <MyInput ref={inputRef} />; };
import React, { useState } from 'react'; const ControlledComponent: React.FC = () => { const [value, setValue] = useState(''); return <input type="text" value={value} onChange={(e) => setValue(e.target.value)} />; }; const UncontrolledComponent: React.FC = () => { const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null); return <input type="text" ref={inputRef} />; };
import React, { useCallback, memo } from 'react'; const MyComponent: React.FC<{ onClick: () => void }> = memo(({ onClick }) => { console.log('Rendering MyComponent'); return <button onClick={onClick}>Click me</button>; }); const ParentComponent: React.FC = () => { const handleClick = useCallback(() => { console.log('Button clicked'); }, []); return <MyComponent onClick={handleClick} />; };
服务器端渲染是一种在服务器上渲染正常的客户端单页应用 (SPA),然后将完全渲染的页面发送到客户端的技术。
import React from 'react'; import { renderToString } from 'react-dom/server'; const MyComponent: React.FC = () => <div>Hello World</div>; const html = renderToString(<MyComponent />);
静态站点生成是一种在构建时预渲染页面的技术。
import React from 'react'; import { renderToStaticMarkup } from 'react-dom/server'; const MyComponent: React.FC = () => <div>Hello World</div>; const html = renderToStaticMarkup(<MyComponent />);
增量静态再生允许你在构建网站后更新静态内容。
import React, { useState, useTransition } from 'react'; const MyComponent: React.FC = () => { const [isPending, startTransition] = useTransition(); const [count, setCount] = useState(0); const handleClick = () => { startTransition(() => { setCount(count + 1); }); }; return ( <div> <button onClick={handleClick}>Increment</button> {isPending ? 'Loading...' : `Count: ${count}`} </div> ); };
import React, { Suspense } from 'react'; const MyComponent: React.FC = () => { const data = fetchData(); return <div>{data.name}</div>; }; const App: React.FC = () => ( <Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}> <MyComponent /> </Suspense> );
import React from 'react'; import { useQuery } from 'react-query'; const fetchData = async () => { const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data'); return response.json(); }; const MyComponent: React.FC = () => { const { data, error, isLoading } = useQuery('data', fetchData); if (isLoading) return <div>Loading...</div>; if (error) return <div>Error: {error.message}</div>; return <div>{data.name}</div>; };
React服务器组件允许你构建跨越客户端和服务器的应用,将客户端应用的丰富交互性与传统服务器渲染的性能提升相结合。
import React from 'react'; const MyServerComponent: React.FC = () => { const data = fetchDataFromServer(); return <div>{data.name}</div>; }; const MyClientComponent: React.FC = () => { return <MyServerComponent />; };
结论 掌握这20种高级React技术将显著提升你构建健壮、高效和易于维护的React应用的能力。无论你是优化性能、管理状态还是利用服务器端渲染,这些技术都为高级React开发者提供了全面的工具集。 通过将这些实践融入你的开发流程,你将有能力应对复杂的挑战并交付高质量的应用。
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