- >例外是一个异常事件，发生在程序执行过程中，并突然停止程序（立即）
>
->异常处理允许响应错误，而不是崩溃运行程序。
语法： try:
# code that might raise an exception
except someexception:
# code to handle the exception
else:
# code to run if no exception occurs
finally:
# code to run regardless of whether an exception occurs
>
1。尝试块try块包含可能引起异常的代码。
4。最后阻止（可选）
>示例：
try:
no1 = int(input("enter no."))
no2 = int(input("enter no. "))
print(no1//no2)
except zerodivisionerror:
print("no2 should not be zero. check no2 value ")
print(no1+no2)
enter no.10 enter no. 0 no2 should not be zero. check no2 value 10
try:
no1 = int(input("enter no."))
no2 = int(input("enter no. "))
print(no1//no2)
print(no1+no2)
except zerodivisionerror:
print("no2 should not be zero. check no2 value ")
except valueerror:
print("inputs should be numbers ")
>输出：
enter no.10 enter no. ten inputs should be numbers
3）
try:
no1 = int(input("enter no."))
no2 = int(input("enter no. "))
print(no1//no2)
print(no1+no2)
f = open("pqrs.txt")
except zerodivisionerror:
print("no2 should not be zero. check no2 value ")
except valueerror:
print("inputs should be numbers ")
except:
print("something went wrong")
>输出：
#if all inputs are correct enter no.10 enter no. 5 2 15 #if any error not specified particularly enter no.10 enter no. 5 2 15 something went wrong #if zerodivisionerror enter no.10 enter no. 0 no2 should not be zero. check no2 value #if valueerror enter no.10 enter no. ten inputs should be numbers
：
**注意：**
- 处理不可预测的错误时，请使用try-exce
->处理预期条件时使用if-else
追溯模块：
python中的追溯模块用于提取，格式和打印错误跟踪信息，有助于调试和日志记录异常。
>示例：1
import traceback
try:
no1 = int(input("enter no."))
no2 = int(input("enter no. "))
print(no1//no2)
print(no1+no2)
f = open("pqrs.txt")
print(f.read())
except (valueerror, zerodivisionerror) as msg:
print("check ",msg)
except:
print("something went wrong")
traceback.print_exc()
>输出：
enter no.10 enter no. 0 check integer division or modulo by zero
import traceback
try:
no1 = int(input("enter no."))
no2 = int(input("enter no. "))
print(no1//no2)
print(no1+no2)
f = open("pqrs.txt")
print(f.read())
except (valueerror, zerodivisionerror) as msg:
print("check ",msg)
except:
print("something went wrong")
traceback.print_exc()
finally:
print("check finally message")
>输出：
enter no.10
enter no. 10
1
20
something went wrong
traceback (most recent call last):
file "/home/guru/desktop/guru/python/user.py", line 7, in <module>
f = open("pqrs.txt")
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
filenotfounderror: [errno 2] no such file or directory: 'pqrs.txt'
check finally message
捕获多个特定异常：
>
->我们可以在单个单个中处理多个异常，除了使用元组。
->使用，因为我们也可以为异常提供一个可变名称。
trackback.print_exc（）：它提供详细的错误信息（行号，错误类型，消息）。
class employee:
pass
emp1 = employee()
emp2 = employee()
print(emp1)
print(emp2)
<__main__.employee object at 0x730a36434110> <__main__.employee object at 0x730a36434080>
pass关键字的意思是“无所事事”（占位符），因此该类目前为空（它没有属性或方法）。
> __doc__属性用于访问类，功能，模块或方法的docstring。 docstring是一个多行字符串，提供有关对象的文档，该对象在triple引号（''''''）中声明。
>示例：
class employee:
'''this class is for creating employees'''
print(employee.__doc__)
4
this class is for creating employees
自我关键字：
立即学习“Python免费学习笔记（深入）”；
->“ self”用于访问和操纵类中的实例变量和方法。 -> self代表类的实例。>
>特定对象的
- 使用self.variable_name定义的>。
->对于每个对象唯一。
>示例：1
class employee:
def work(self):
print(self.empname, self.job_nature)
emp1 = employee()
emp1.empname = 'guru'
emp1.job_nature = "designing"
emp2 = employee()
emp2.empname = "pritha"
emp2.job_nature = "development"
emp1.work()
emp2.work()
>输出：
guru designing pritha development
class employee:
organization = "infosys"
def work(self):
print(self.empname, self.job_nature, self.organization)
def take_leave(self):
pass
def promote(self):
pass
emp1 = employee()
emp1.empname = 'guru'
emp1.job_nature = "designing"
emp2 = employee()
emp2.empname = "pritha"
emp2.job_nature = "development"
emp1.work()
emp2.work()
>输出：
guru designing infosys pritha development infosys
类特定信息：
类别的信息是指在类的所有实例（对象）之间共享的数据。
>示例：
class employee:
def work(self):
print(self.empname, self.job_nature, self.organization)
def take_leave(self):
pass
def promote(self):
pass
emp1 = employee()
emp1.empname = 'guru'
emp1.job_nature = "designing"
emp2 = employee()
emp2.empname = "pritha"
emp2.job_nature = "development"
employee.organization = "infosys"
emp1.work()
emp2.work()
>输出：
guru designing infosys pritha development infosys
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