- >例外是一个异常事件,发生在程序执行过程中,并突然停止程序(立即)
>
->异常处理允许响应错误,而不是崩溃运行程序。
语法: try:
# code that might raise an exception
except someexception:
# code to handle the exception
else:
# code to run if no exception occurs
finally:
# code to run regardless of whether an exception occurs
>
1。尝试块try块包含可能引起异常的代码。
4。最后阻止(可选)
>示例:
try: no1 = int(input("enter no.")) no2 = int(input("enter no. ")) print(no1//no2) except zerodivisionerror: print("no2 should not be zero. check no2 value ") print(no1+no2)
enter no.10 enter no. 0 no2 should not be zero. check no2 value 10
try: no1 = int(input("enter no.")) no2 = int(input("enter no. ")) print(no1//no2) print(no1+no2) except zerodivisionerror: print("no2 should not be zero. check no2 value ") except valueerror: print("inputs should be numbers ")
>输出:
enter no.10 enter no. ten inputs should be numbers
3)
try: no1 = int(input("enter no.")) no2 = int(input("enter no. ")) print(no1//no2) print(no1+no2) f = open("pqrs.txt") except zerodivisionerror: print("no2 should not be zero. check no2 value ") except valueerror: print("inputs should be numbers ") except: print("something went wrong")
>输出:
#if all inputs are correct enter no.10 enter no. 5 2 15 #if any error not specified particularly enter no.10 enter no. 5 2 15 something went wrong #if zerodivisionerror enter no.10 enter no. 0 no2 should not be zero. check no2 value #if valueerror enter no.10 enter no. ten inputs should be numbers
:
**注意:**
- 处理不可预测的错误时,请使用try-exce
->处理预期条件时使用if-else
追溯模块:
python中的追溯模块用于提取,格式和打印错误跟踪信息,有助于调试和日志记录异常。
>示例:1
import traceback try: no1 = int(input("enter no.")) no2 = int(input("enter no. ")) print(no1//no2) print(no1+no2) f = open("pqrs.txt") print(f.read()) except (valueerror, zerodivisionerror) as msg: print("check ",msg) except: print("something went wrong") traceback.print_exc()
>输出:
enter no.10 enter no. 0 check integer division or modulo by zero
import traceback try: no1 = int(input("enter no.")) no2 = int(input("enter no. ")) print(no1//no2) print(no1+no2) f = open("pqrs.txt") print(f.read()) except (valueerror, zerodivisionerror) as msg: print("check ",msg) except: print("something went wrong") traceback.print_exc() finally: print("check finally message")
>输出:
enter no.10 enter no. 10 1 20 something went wrong traceback (most recent call last): file "/home/guru/desktop/guru/python/user.py", line 7, in <module> f = open("pqrs.txt") ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ filenotfounderror: [errno 2] no such file or directory: 'pqrs.txt' check finally message
捕获多个特定异常:
>
->我们可以在单个单个中处理多个异常,除了使用元组。
->使用,因为我们也可以为异常提供一个可变名称。
trackback.print_exc():它提供详细的错误信息(行号,错误类型,消息)。
class employee: pass emp1 = employee() emp2 = employee() print(emp1) print(emp2)
<__main__.employee object at 0x730a36434110> <__main__.employee object at 0x730a36434080>
pass关键字的意思是“无所事事”(占位符),因此该类目前为空(它没有属性或方法)。
> __doc__属性用于访问类,功能,模块或方法的docstring。 docstring是一个多行字符串,提供有关对象的文档,该对象在triple引号('''''')中声明。
>示例:
class employee: '''this class is for creating employees''' print(employee.__doc__)
4
this class is for creating employees
自我关键字:
立即学习“Python免费学习笔记(深入)”;
->“ self”用于访问和操纵类中的实例变量和方法。 -> self代表类的实例。>
>特定对象的
- 使用self.variable_name定义的>。
->对于每个对象唯一。
>示例:1
class employee: def work(self): print(self.empname, self.job_nature) emp1 = employee() emp1.empname = 'guru' emp1.job_nature = "designing" emp2 = employee() emp2.empname = "pritha" emp2.job_nature = "development" emp1.work() emp2.work()
>输出:
guru designing pritha development
class employee: organization = "infosys" def work(self): print(self.empname, self.job_nature, self.organization) def take_leave(self): pass def promote(self): pass emp1 = employee() emp1.empname = 'guru' emp1.job_nature = "designing" emp2 = employee() emp2.empname = "pritha" emp2.job_nature = "development" emp1.work() emp2.work()
>输出:
guru designing infosys pritha development infosys
类特定信息:
类别的信息是指在类的所有实例(对象)之间共享的数据。
>示例:
class employee: def work(self): print(self.empname, self.job_nature, self.organization) def take_leave(self): pass def promote(self): pass emp1 = employee() emp1.empname = 'guru' emp1.job_nature = "designing" emp2 = employee() emp2.empname = "pritha" emp2.job_nature = "development" employee.organization = "infosys" emp1.work() emp2.work()
>输出:
guru designing infosys pritha development infosys
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