Laravel中的状态模式：就像您应用程序逻辑的魔术师一样

<code class="php">namespace app\states\order;

interface OrderStateInterface
{
    public function confirm(): void;
    public function ship(): void;
    public function deliver(): void;
}</code>

<code class="php">namespace app\states\order;

use App\Models\Order;
use Exception;

abstract class OrderState implements OrderStateInterface
{
    protected Order $order;

    public function __construct(Order $order)
    {
        $this->order = $order;
    }

    public function confirm(): void
    {
        throw new Exception("当前状态下无法确认订单！");
    }

    public function ship(): void
    {
        throw new Exception("当前状态下无法发货！");
    }

    public function deliver(): void
    {
        throw new Exception("当前状态下无法交付！");
    }
}</code>

<code class="php">// PendingState.php
namespace app\states\order;

class PendingState extends OrderState
{
    public function confirm(): void
    {
        $this->order->update(['status' => 'confirmed']);
        $this->order->state = new ConfirmedState($this->order);
        // 发送通知、邮件等
    }
}

// ... (其他状态类类似)</code>

<code class="php">namespace app\models;

use app\states\order\{OrderStateInterface, PendingState, ConfirmedState, ShippedState, DeliveredState};

class Order extends Model
{
    // ...

    public function orderState(): OrderStateInterface
    {
        return match ($this->status) {
            'pending' => new PendingState($this),
            'confirmed' => new ConfirmedState($this),
            'shipped' => new ShippedState($this),
            'delivered' => new DeliveredState($this),
            default => throw new \Exception("未知状态"),
        };
    }
}</code>

<code class="php">// OrderController.php
// ... (省略部分代码)

public function confirm(Order $order)
{
    try {
        $order->orderState()->confirm();
        // ...
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        // ...
    }
}

// ... (其他控制器方法类似)</code>