mongodb 是介于关系型与非关系型数据之间的,mongodb的join查询可以通过引用来实现。可以将文档内容嵌入到另一个文档中,也可以将文档内容引用到另一个文档中。嵌入意味着要把某一类型的数据,如包含更多数据的数组,嵌入到文档本身。引用意味着创建一个引用
mongodb 是介于关系型与非关系型数据之间的,mongodb的join查询可以通过引用来实现。 可以将文档内容嵌入到另一个文档中,也可以将文档内容引用到另一个文档中。 嵌入意味着要把某一类型的数据,如包含更多数据的数组,嵌入到文档本身。 引用意味着创建一个引用,包含另一个文档的数据。相当于关系型数据库。 一. 嵌入 例如:我想使用一个关系型数据库来记录CD、DVD和购买信息。在这个数据中,需要一个表来收集CD,另一个表来存储CD歌曲信息。因此,如果要查询特定的信息就可能需要查询多个表的。 对于mongodb 或者其他非关系型数据库,会更容易的嵌入这些信息,采用这种方法会使数据库简洁,确保所有相关信息保存在单一的文档中,同时,检索数据更快。 数据结构如下: 关系型|_media |_cds |_id, artist, title, genre, releasedate |_ cd_tracklists |_cd_id, songtitle, length
|_media |_items |_
[
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5353463193efef02c962da73"),
"Type" : "CD",
"Artist" : "Nirvana",
"Title" : "Nevermind",
"Tracklist" : [
{
"Track" : "1",
"Title" : "Smells like teen spirit",
"Length" : "5:02"
},
{
"Track" : "2",
"Title" : "In Bloom",
"Length" : "4:15"
}
]
}
]> use ttlsa_com
switched to db ttlsa_com
> apress = ( { "_id" : "Apress", "Type" : "Technical Publisher", "Category" : ["IT", "Software","Programming"] } )
{
"_id" : "Apress",
"Type" : "Technical Publisher",
"Category" : [
"IT",
"Software",
"Programming"
]
}
> db.publisherscollection.insert(apress)> book = ( { "Type" : "Book", "Title" : "Definitive Guide to MongoDB, the", "ISBN" : "987-1-4302-3051-9", "Publisher" : "Apress","Author" : ["Membrey,Peter","Plugge, Eelco","Hawkins, Tim"] } )
{
"Type" : "Book",
"Title" : "Definitive Guide to MongoDB, the",
"ISBN" : "987-1-4302-3051-9",
"Publisher" : "Apress",
"Author" : [
"Membrey,Peter",
"Plugge, Eelco",
"Hawkins, Tim"
]
}
> db.mediaCollection.insert(book)> book = db.mediaCollection.findOne({"ISBN" : "987-1-4302-3051-9"})
{
"Author" : [
"Hawkins, Tim",
"Plugge, Eelco"
],
"ISBN" : "987-1-4302-3051-9",
"Publisher" : "Apress",
"Title" : " Different Title 2",
"Type" : "Book",
"_id" : ObjectId("5353462f93efef02c962da71")
}
> book.Publisher
Apress
> db.publisherscollection.findOne( { _id : book.Publisher } )
{
"_id" : "Apress",
"Type" : "Technical Publisher",
"Category" : [
"IT",
"Software",
"Programming"
]
}> apress = ( { "Type" : "Technical Publisher", "Category" :["IT","Software","Programming"] } )
{
"Type" : "Technical Publisher",
"Category" : [
"IT",
"Software",
"Programming"
]
}
> db.publisherscollection.save(apress)
> apress
{
"Type" : "Technical Publisher",
"Category" : [
"IT",
"Software",
"Programming"
],
"_id" : ObjectId("53588c221697e7511678752c")
}
> book = { "Type" : "Book", "Title" : "Definitive Guide to MongoDB, the", "ISBN" : "987-1-4302-3051-9", "Author": ["Membrey, Peter","Plugge,Eelco","Hawkins, Tim"], Publisher : [ new DBRef ('publisherscollection',apress._id) ] }
{
"Type" : "Book",
"Title" : "Definitive Guide to MongoDB, the",
"ISBN" : "987-1-4302-3051-9",
"Author" : [
"Membrey, Peter",
"Plugge,Eelco",
"Hawkins, Tim"
],
"Publisher" : [
DBRef("publisherscollection", ObjectId("53588c221697e7511678752c"))
]
}
> db.media.save(book)
> db.media.find().toArray()
[
{
"_id" : ObjectId("53588ce01697e7511678752d"),
"Type" : "Book",
"Title" : "Definitive Guide to MongoDB, the",
"ISBN" : "987-1-4302-3051-9",
"Author" : [
"Membrey, Peter",
"Plugge,Eelco",
"Hawkins, Tim"
],
"Publisher" : [
DBRef("publisherscollection", ObjectId("53588c221697e7511678752c"))
]
}
]原文地址:mongodb 文档的嵌入和引用, 感谢原作者分享。
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