LNMP环境部署

nginx-1.1.3.tar.gz
php-5.2.14.tar.gz
php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
memcache-2.2.5.tgz
mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
pcre-8.10.tar.gz
eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
ImageMagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
imagick-3.1.2.tgz

install libxml2 libxml2-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel openldap openldap-devel glibc

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz 
cd libiconv-1.13.1/ 
./configure --prefix=/usr/local 
make 
make install 
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz  
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ 
./configure 
make 
make install 
/sbin/ldconfig 
cd libltdl/ 
./configure --enable-ltdl-install 
make 
make install 
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz 
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ 
./configure 
make 
make install 
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config 
ln -s /usr/lib64/libjpeg.so /usr/lib/libjpeg.so
ln -s /usr/lib64/libpng.so /usr/lib/libpng.so
cp -frp /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib/
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz 
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ 
/sbin/ldconfig 
./configure 
make 
make install 
cd ../

## 为MySQL建立用户和组 
groupadd -g 3306 mysql 
useradd -g mysql -u 3306 -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
## 二进制安装方式 
tar xf mysql-5.5.15-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local 
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.5.15-linux.2.6-i686 /usr/local/mysql
mkdir /mydata  ## 创建数据保存目录 
chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/ 
cd /usr/local/mysql 
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data     
chown -R root .
## 加入启动脚本 
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 
chkconfig --add mysqld
##修改配置文件 
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
## 加入mySQL命令
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
## 定义头文件
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
ldconfig

datadir = /mydata/data
thread_concurrency 2    ## (并发线程数，一般是cpu核心的两倍)

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

/usr/local/mysql/lib

service mysqld start 
cd /root/lnmp

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'ops.cntv.cn';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'ops.cntv.cn';

tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz 
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1 
cd php-5.2.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \ 
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \ 
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \ 
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \ 
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local \ 
--with-freetype-dir \ 
--with-jpeg-dir \ 
--with-png-dir \ 
--with-zlib \ 
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \ 
--enable-xml \ 
--disable-rpath \ 
--enable-discard-path \ 
--enable-safe-mode \ 
--enable-bcmath \ 
--enable-shmop \ 
--enable-sysvsem \ 
--enable-inline-optimization \ 
--with-curl --with-curlwrappers \ 
--enable-mbregex \ 
--enable-fastcgi \ 
--enable-fpm \ 
--enable-force-cgi-redirect \ 
--enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt \ 
--with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf \ 
--with-openssl \ 
--with-mhash \ 
--enable-pcntl \ 
--enable-sockets \ 
--with-ldap \ 
--with-ldap-sasl \ 
--with-xmlrpc \ 
--enable-zip \ 
--enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' 
make install 
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini 
cd ../

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz 
cd memcache-2.2.5/ 
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize 
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config 
make 
make install 
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2 
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/ 
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize 
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared \
--with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config 
make 
make install 
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz 
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ 
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize 
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config \
--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql 
make 
make install 
cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz 
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/ 
./configure 
make 
make install 
ln -s /usr/local/include/ImageMagick-6 /usr/local/include/ImageMagick
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz 
cd imagick-2.3.0/ 
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize 
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config 
make 
make install 
cd ../

extension = "memcache.so"                                                                                 
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"

mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache 
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

/usr/sbin/groupadd www 
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www 
mkdir -p /web 
chmod +w /web 
chown -R www:www /web

rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration> 
  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
  <section name="global_options">
    Pid file
    <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
    Error log file
    <value name="error_log">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
    Log level
    <value name="log_level">notice</value>
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
    <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
    <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
    <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
    Set to 'no' to debug fpm
    <value name="daemonize">yes</value>
  </section>
  <workers>
    <section name="pool">
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
      <value name="name">default</value>
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
      <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
      <value name="listen_options">
        Set listen(2) backlog
        <value name="backlog">-1</value>
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
        <value name="owner"></value>
        <value name="group"></value>
        <value name="mode">0666</value>
      </value>
      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
      <value name="php_defines">
        <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
        <value name="display_errors">0</value>
      </value>
      Unix user of processes
      <value name="user">www</value>
      Unix group of processes
      <value name="group">www</value>
      Process manager settings
      <value name="pm">
        Sets style of controling worker process count.
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
        <value name="style">static</value>
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
        Used with any pm_style.
        <value name="max_children">128</value>
        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
        <value name="apache_like">
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="StartServers">20</value>
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
        </value>
      </value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
      The log file for slow requests
      <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
      Set open file desc rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
      Set max core size rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chroot"></value>
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chdir"></value>
      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
      <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
      For endless request processing please specify 0
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
      <value name="max_requests">1024</value>
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
      <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
      <value name="environment">
        <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
        <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
        <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
        <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
        <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
      </value>
    </section>
  </workers>
</configuration>

ln -s /lib64/libpcre.so.0.0.1 /lib64/libpcre.so.1

ulimit -SHn 65535 
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz 
cd pcre-8.10/ 
./configure 
make && make install 
cd ../

tar zxvf nginx-1.1.3.tar.gz 
cd nginx-1.1.3/
./configure --user=www \
--group=www \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_ssl_module
make && make install 
cd ../

mkdir -p /web/logs 
chmod +w /web/logs 
chown -R www:www /web/logs

rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user  www www;
worker_processes 8;  ## 根据自己的CPU来决定到底应该是多少
error_log  /web/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid        /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. 
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events 
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
} 
http 
{
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
  #charset  gb2312;  
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;      
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;
  keepalive_timeout 60;
  tcp_nodelay on; 
  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; 
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on; 
  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m; 
  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  192.168.0.156;  ## 这里简单测试，所以直接使用IP
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /web;
    #limit_conn   crawler  20;                                 
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }    
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
      expires      30d;
    } 
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires      1h;
    }
    location /status {
    stub_status on;   ## 开启状态统计，为后面的优化做测试
    }    
    log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /web/logs/access.log  access;
   }
}

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

ulimit -SHn 65535 
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

vim /etc/rc.local

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

worker_processes 8; 
#nginx 进程数，建议按照cpu 数目来指定，一般为它的倍数。
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
#为每个进程分配cpu，上例中将8 个进程分配到8 个cpu，当然可以写多个，或者将一个进程分配到多个cpu。
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;
#这个指令是指当一个nginx 进程打开的最多文件描述符数目，理论值应该是最多打开文件数（ulimit -n）与nginx 进程数相除，但是nginx 分配请求并不是那么均匀，所以最好与ulimit-n 的值保持一致。
use epoll;
#使用epoll 的I/O 模型，这个不用说了吧。
worker_connections 102400;
#每个进程允许的最多连接数， 理论上每台nginx 服务器的最大连接数为worker_processes*worker_connections。
keepalive_timeout 60;
#keepalive 超时时间。
client_header_buffer_size 4k;
#客户端请求头部的缓冲区大小，这个可以根据你的系统分页大小来设置，一般一个请求头的大小不会超过1k，不过由于一般系统分页都要大于1k，所以这里设置为分页大小。分页大小可以用命令getconf PAGESIZE 取得。
open_file_cache max=102400 inactive=20s;
#这个将为打开文件指定缓存，默认是没有启用的，max 指定缓存数量，建议和打开文件数一致，inactive 是指经过多长时间文件没被请求后删除缓存。
open_file_cache_valid 30s;
#这个是指多长时间检查一次缓存的有效信息。
open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
#open_file_cache 指令中的inactive 参数时间内文件的最少使用次数，如果超过这个数字，文件描述符一直是在缓存中打开的，如上例，如果有一个文件在inactive 时间内一次没被使用，它将被移除。

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
#timewait 的数量，默认是180000。
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
#允许系统打开的端口范围。
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#启用timewait 快速回收。
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
#开启重用。允许将TIME-WAIT sockets 重新用于新的TCP 连接。
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
#开启SYN Cookies，当出现SYN 等待队列溢出时，启用cookies 来处理。
net.core.somaxconn = 262144
#web 应用中listen 函数的backlog 默认会给我们内核参数的net.core.somaxconn 限制到128，而nginx 定义的NGX_LISTEN_BACKLOG 默认为511，所以有必要调整这个值。
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
#每个网络接口接收数据包的速率比内核处理这些包的速率快时，允许送到队列的数据包的最大数目。
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144
#系统中最多有多少个TCP 套接字不被关联到任何一个用户文件句柄上。如果超过这个数字，孤儿连接将即刻被复位并打印出警告信息。这个限制仅仅是为了防止简单的DoS 攻击，不能过分依靠它或者人为地减小这个值，更应该增加这个值(如果增加了内存之后)。
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
#记录的那些尚未收到客户端确认信息的连接请求的最大值。对于有128M 内存的系统而言，缺省值是1024，小内存的系统则是128。
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
#时间戳可以避免序列号的卷绕。一个1Gbps 的链路肯定会遇到以前用过的序列号。时间戳能够让内核接受这种“异常”的数据包。这里需要将其关掉。
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
#为了打开对端的连接，内核需要发送一个SYN 并附带一个回应前面一个SYN 的ACK。也就是所谓三次握手中的第二次握手。这个设置决定了内核放弃连接之前发送SYN+ACK 包的数量。
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
#在内核放弃建立连接之前发送SYN 包的数量。
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
#如果套接字由本端要求关闭，这个参数决定了它保持在FIN-WAIT-2 状态的时间。对端可以出错并永远不关闭连接，甚至意外当机。缺省值是60 秒。2.2 内核的通常值是180 秒，你可以按这个设置，但要记住的是，即使你的机器是一个轻载的WEB 服务器，也有因为大量的死套接字而内存溢出的风险，FIN- WAIT-2 的危险性比FIN-WAIT-1 要小，因为它最多只能吃掉1.5K 内存，但是它们的生存期长些。
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30
#当keepalive 起用的时候，TCP 发送keepalive 消息的频度。缺省是2 小时。

fastcgi_cache_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=TEST:10m inactive=5m;
#这个指令为FastCGI 缓存指定一个路径，目录结构等级，关键字区域存储时间和非活动删除时间。
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
#指定连接到后端FastCGI 的超时时间。
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
#向FastCGI 传送请求的超时时间，这个值是指已经完成两次握手后向FastCGI 传送请求的超时时间。
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
#接收FastCGI 应答的超时时间，这个值是指已经完成两次握手后接收FastCGI 应答的超时时间。
fastcgi_buffer_size 4k;
#指定读取FastCGI 应答第一部分需要用多大的缓冲区，一般第一部分应答不会超过1k，由于页面大小为4k，所以这里设置为4k。
fastcgi_buffers 8 4k;
#指定本地需要用多少和多大的缓冲区来缓冲FastCGI 的应答。
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 8k;
#这个指令我也不知道是做什么用，只知道默认值是fastcgi_buffers 的两倍。
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 8k;
#在写入fastcgi_temp_path 时将用多大的数据块，默认值是fastcgi_buffers 的两倍。
fastcgi_cache TEST
#开启FastCGI 缓存并且为其制定一个名称。个人感觉开启缓存非常有用，可以有效降低CPU 负载，并且防止502 错误。
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
fastcgi_cache_valid 301     1d;
fastcgi_cache_valid any     1m;
#为指定的应答代码指定缓存时间，如上例中将200，302 应答缓存一小时，301 应答缓存1 天，其他为1 分钟。
fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1;
#缓存在fastcgi_cache_path 指令inactive 参数值时间内的最少使用次数，如上例，如果在5 分钟内某文件1 次也没有被使用，那么这个文件将被移除。
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
#不知道这个参数的作用，猜想应该是让nginx 知道哪些类型的缓存是没用的。

<value name="max_children">60</value>
#同时处理的并发请求数，即它将开启最多60 个子线程来处理并发连接。
<value name="rlimit_files">102400</value>
#最多打开文件数。
<value name="max_requests">204800</value>
#每个进程在重置之前能够执行的最多请求数。