Python中如何操作JSON数据？JSON数据解析时遇到编码问题怎么办？

import json

# 示例JSON数据
data = {
    "name": "张三",
    "age": 30,
    "city": "北京"
}

# 序列化：Python对象 -> JSON字符串
json_string = json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4) # ensure_ascii=False解决中文编码问题, indent美化输出
print(json_string)

# 反序列化：JSON字符串 -> Python对象
loaded_data = json.loads(json_string)
print(loaded_data["name"])

import json
from datetime import datetime

def datetime_converter(o):
    if isinstance(o, datetime):
        return o.isoformat() # 转换为ISO 8601字符串
    raise TypeError("Object of type '%s' is not JSON serializable" % type(o).__name__)

data = {
    "event": "会议",
    "time": datetime(2023, 10, 27, 10, 0, 0)
}

json_string = json.dumps(data, default=datetime_converter, ensure_ascii=False)
print(json_string)

def datetime_parser(dct):
    for k, v in dct.items():
        if isinstance(v, str):
            try:
                dct[k] = datetime.fromisoformat(v)
            except:
                pass # 不是日期时间字符串，忽略
    return dct

loaded_data = json.loads(json_string, object_hook=datetime_parser)
print(loaded_data["time"], type(loaded_data["time"]))

import json

data = {
    "name": "公司A",
    "employees": [
        {"name": "李四", "age": 25, "skills": ["Python", "Java"]},
        {"name": "王五", "age": 30, "skills": ["JavaScript", "HTML"]}
    ],
    "address": {
        "city": "上海",
        "zipcode": "200000"
    }
}

# 访问员工的技能
for employee in data["employees"]:
    print(f"{employee['name']} 的技能：{', '.join(employee['skills'])}")

# 修改地址
data["address"]["city"] = "北京"

json_string = json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
print(json_string)

import json

data = {
    "name": "赵六",
    "age": None,
    "city": "深圳",
    "phone": None
}

if data["age"] is None:
    print("年龄未知")
else:
    print(f"年龄：{data['age']}")

# 过滤掉空值
filtered_data = {k: v for k, v in data.items() if v is not None}
print(filtered_data)

json_string = json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4,  default=str) # 处理None类型
print(json_string)