Golang如何构建Web服务 Golang Web开发教程

go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin

package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello, World!")
    })

    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
            "message": "pong",
        })
    })

    router.Run(":8080") // 监听8080端口
}

go run main.go

router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
    name := c.Param("name")
    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
})

router.POST("/form", func(c *gin.Context) {
    name := c.PostForm("name")
    age := c.DefaultPostForm("age", "0") // 设置默认值
    c.String(http.StatusOK, "Name: %s; Age: %s", name, age)
})

func AuthMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
    return func(c *gin.Context) {
        tokenString := c.GetHeader("Authorization")
        if tokenString == "" {
            c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"message": "Unauthorized"})
            return
        }

        // 验证token
        token, err := jwt.Parse(tokenString, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
            // 确保token的签名方法是正确的
            if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok {
                return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unexpected signing method: %v", token.Header["alg"])
            }

            // 返回用于验证token的密钥
            return []byte("your-secret-key"), nil
        })

        if err != nil {
            c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"message": "Invalid token"})
            return
        }

        if claims, ok := token.Claims.(jwt.MapClaims); ok && token.Valid {
            // 将用户信息存储到context中
            c.Set("user_id", claims["user_id"])
            c.Next()
        } else {
            c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"message": "Invalid token"})
        }
    }
}

go get -u gorm.io/gorm
go get -u gorm.io/driver/mysql

import (
    "gorm.io/gorm"
    "gorm.io/driver/mysql"
)

type User struct {
    gorm.Model
    Name  string
    Email string
}

func main() {
    dsn := "user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/database_name?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
    db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
    if err != nil {
        panic("failed to connect database")
    }

    // 自动迁移schema
    db.AutoMigrate(&User{})

    // 创建记录
    db.Create(&User{Name: "John Doe", Email: "john.doe@example.com"})

    // 查询记录
    var user User
    db.First(&user, 1) // 根据ID查询
    println(user.Name)

    // 更新记录
    db.Model(&user).Update("Email", "new.email@example.com")

    // 删除记录
    db.Delete(&user, 1)
}