如何使用SQL工具进行数据库的自动化测试和验证

-- 验证库存更新脚本
DECLARE @ProductID INT = 1;
DECLARE @InitialStock INT;
DECLARE @UpdatedStock INT;

-- 获取初始库存
SELECT @InitialStock = Stock FROM Products WHERE ProductID = @ProductID;

-- 模拟库存更新
UPDATE Products SET Stock = Stock - 10 WHERE ProductID = @ProductID;

-- 获取更新后的库存
SELECT @UpdatedStock = Stock FROM Products WHERE ProductID = @ProductID;

-- 验证库存是否正确更新
IF @InitialStock - 10 = @UpdatedStock
    PRINT '库存更新成功';
ELSE
    PRINT '库存更新失败';

-- 并发测试脚本
BEGIN TRANSACTION;

DECLARE @ProductID INT = 1;
DECLARE @Stock INT;

-- 获取当前库存
SELECT @Stock = Stock FROM Products WITH (UPDLOCK, HOLDLOCK) WHERE ProductID = @ProductID;

-- 模拟库存更新
UPDATE Products SET Stock = @Stock - 10 WHERE ProductID = @ProductID;

-- 提交事务
COMMIT TRANSACTION;

-- 创建触发器确保订单和库存的一致性
CREATE TRIGGER trg_OrderInsert ON Orders
AFTER INSERT
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @ProductID INT;
    DECLARE @Quantity INT;

    SELECT @ProductID = ProductID, @Quantity = Quantity FROM inserted;

    UPDATE Products
    SET Stock = Stock - @Quantity
    WHERE ProductID = @ProductID;

    IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
        RAISERROR('库存不足，无法完成订单', 16, 1);
END;

-- 使用断言和参数化查询的示例
DECLARE @ExpectedResult INT = 100;
DECLARE @ActualResult INT;

-- 参数化查询
EXEC sp_executesql N'SELECT @Result = Stock FROM Products WHERE ProductID = @ProductID',
    N'@ProductID INT, @Result INT OUTPUT',
    @ProductID = 1,
    @Result = @ActualResult OUTPUT;

-- 断言验证
IF @ActualResult = @ExpectedResult
    PRINT '测试通过';
ELSE
    PRINT '测试失败';