Python的 any 和 all 函数有什么区别？如何使用？

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# any()
print(any(x > 3 for x in numbers))  # 输出: True (因为 4 和 5 大于 3)
print(any(x < 0 for x in numbers))  # 输出: False (没有小于 0 的数)
print(any([])) # 输出: False (空列表)

# all()
print(all(x > 0 for x in numbers))  # 输出: True (所有数都大于 0)
print(all(x < 5 for x in numbers))  # 输出: False (5 不小于 5)
print(all([])) # 输出: True (空列表)

def generate_numbers(n):
    for i in range(n):
        print(f"Generating {i}") # 观察生成器的执行
        yield i

numbers = generate_numbers(5)

print(any(x > 2 for x in numbers)) # 输出: True
# Generating 0
# Generating 1
# Generating 2
# Generating 3
# True

# 再次尝试迭代 numbers，什么都不会输出
print(any(x > 2 for x in numbers)) # 输出: False

data = [
    {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "city": "New York"},
    {"name": "Bob", "age": 30, "city": "London"},
    {"name": "Charlie", "age": 20, "city": "Paris"}
]

# 检查是否有任何人的年龄小于 22 岁
has_young_person = any(person["age"] < 22 for person in data)
print(f"是否有人小于 22 岁: {has_young_person}")  # 输出: True

# 检查是否所有人都住在城市名称以 "N" 开头的城市
all_live_in_n_city = all(person["city"].startswith("N") for person in data)
print(f"是否所有人都住在城市名称以 'N' 开头的城市: {all_live_in_n_city}")  # 输出: False

def validate_data(data):
    """验证数据是否符合要求"""
    required_keys = ["name", "age", "email"]
    is_valid = all(key in data for key in required_keys)
    return is_valid

user_data = {"name": "David", "age": 35, "email": "david@example.com"}
print(f"数据是否有效: {validate_data(user_data)}")  # 输出: True

invalid_data = {"name": "Eve", "age": 28}
print(f"数据是否有效: {validate_data(invalid_data)}")  # 输出: False