1、遇到问题
在RedHat系统中，默认的yum源需要注册到RedHat Subscription Management才能更新。为了避免花费，我们需要替换为国内的yum源。
2、解决办法
由于CentOS和RedHat系统非常相似，替换为CentOS的yum源是可行的，但过程中可能遇到一些挑战。以下是解决方案的详细步骤，参考了博文：https://www.php.cn/link/95d8f6ff68222377d570a652eb96f082。
（1）删除RedHat自带的yum包
[root@node1 ~]# rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps warning: /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf saved as /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf.rpmsave [root@node1 ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum [root@node1 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]# rpm -qa|grep python-urlgrabber|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
（2）下载yum软件包
从阿里镜像中查找所需的yum包：
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7.noarch.rpm wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-9.el7.noarch.rpm wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
（3）安装依赖
[root@node1 ~]# rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm warning: python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7 ################################# [100%] [root@node1 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]# rpm -Uvh rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps warning: rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:rpm-4.11.3-25.el7 ################################# [ 50%] Cleaning up / removing... 2:rpm-4.11.3-21.el7 ################################# [100%] [root@node1 ~]#
（4）安装yum包
[root@node1 ~]# rpm -ivh yum-* warning: yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 17%] 2:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-4################################# [ 33%] 3:yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos ################################# [ 50%] 4:yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7 ################################# [ 67%] 5:yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-9.el7 ################################# [ 83%] 6:yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7 ################################# [100%] [root@node1 ~]#
3、更新源
完成上述步骤后，可以使用CentOS的yum源进行更新。
[root@node1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
更新缓存时可能遇到错误：
[root@node1 ~]# yum makecache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription- : manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found Trying other mirror. To address this issue please refer to the below knowledge base article https://access.redhat.com/articles/1320623 If above article doesn't help to resolve this issue please create a bug on https://bugs.centos.org/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; No route to host" Trying other mirror. http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; No route to host" Trying other mirror. http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; No route to host" Trying other mirror. http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; No route to host" Trying other mirror. http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; No route to host" Trying other mirror. http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; No route to host" Trying other mirror. http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; No route to host" Trying other mirror.
尝试将CentOS-Base.repo内容更改为163的源：
#CentOS-Base.repoThe mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
remarked out baseurl= line instead.
[base] name=CentOS-$7 - Base - 163.com
mirrorlist=https://www.php.cn/link/588fad4e41a1544c03e7d5625c37cbf0
baseurl=https://www.php.cn/link/8f5f383cc40b32666bf48521713980f4 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://www.php.cn/link/aa799ad70bea3029d4141c7b773c1a46
released updates
[updates] name=CentOS-$7 - Updates - 163.com
mirrorlist=https://www.php.cn/link/1a795f72604e4e1d35075019929d5b95
baseurl=https://www.php.cn/link/e8d2fc41fb98705874a309ed648806a0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://www.php.cn/link/aa799ad70bea3029d4141c7b773c1a46
additional packages that may be useful
[extras] name=CentOS-$7 - Extras - 163.com
mirrorlist=https://www.php.cn/link/edb636f69bf78b885117a47ec1a455d4
baseurl=https://www.php.cn/link/bf6423635e56a99e9df17852c6bfadca gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://www.php.cn/link/aa799ad70bea3029d4141c7b773c1a46
additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus] name=CentOS-$7 - Plus - 163.com baseurl=https://www.php.cn/link/ea14b04d59d604daf500d9a35bdd01be gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://www.php.cn/link/aa799ad70bea3029d4141c7b773c1a46
[root@node1 yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS-Base.repo [root@node1 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/12): base/x86_64/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00:05
(2/12): base/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.7 MB 00:00:06
(3/12): base/x86_64/other_db | 2.5 MB 00:00:00
(4/12): base/x86_64/primary_db | 5.7 MB 00:00:03
(5/12): extras/x86_64/prestodelta | 129 kB 00:00:05
(6/12): extras/x86_64/primary_db | 185 kB 00:00:00
(7/12): extras/x86_64/other_db | 121 kB 00:00:00
(8/12): extras/x86_64/filelists_db | 709 kB 00:00:10
(9/12): updates/x86_64/filelists_db | 4.2 MB 00:00:06
(10/12): updates/x86_64/prestodelta | 960 kB 00:00:06
(11/12): updates/x86_64/primary_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:01
(12/12): updates/x86_64/other_db | 734 kB 00:00:01
Determining fastest mirrors Metadata Cache Created [root@node1 yum.repos.d]#
