Linux 目录结构及详细操作

# 挂载命令及格式mount [磁盘路径] [挂载的路径]# 查看本机挂载的命令[root@localhost dev]# df -h# 卸载挂载的磁盘[root@localhost dev]# umount /mnt/

临时关闭[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0永久关闭[root@localhost ~]# vim/etc/selinux/config修改文件内参数SELINUX=disabled

# 网卡配置文件（有以下几种情况，通过ip a 查看自己的名称）/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

# 查看本机网络信息的命令ip a 或 ip address show  （老版本的命令：ifconfig）# 重载网卡信息systemctl restart network或ifdown [网卡名称] && ifup [网卡名称]# 确认网卡配置是否正确vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0# 关闭网络管理器（因为已经有了network）systemctl  stop NetworkManagersystemctl  disable NetworkManager或systemctl  disable --now  NetworkManager

文件信息：/etc/resolv.conf  #  临时dns配置文件nameserver 114.114.114.114# 判断SSH服务是否开启systemctl status sshd# 查看操作系统的DNS：[root@localhost sys]# cat  /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 114.114.114.114# DNS可以修改，# vim  /etc/resolv.conf# 多种DNS114.114.114.114 中国电信223.5.5.5/223.6.6.6中国阿里云8.8.8.8 谷歌

# 主机名称文件1、查看当前主机名称信息/临时修改查看：hostname临时修改：hostname baidu2、永久修改[root@baidu ~]# vim /etc/hostname# 需要重启生效[root@baidu ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname oldboy # 立即生效# 区别上3、ps：自定义系统登录用户信息PS1 环境变量[root@localhost ~]# echo $PS1[u@h W]$[root@localhost ~]# PS1='[u@h --- W]$'# 补充：通过域名查看ip地址，百度举例[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.comPING www.a.shifen.com (112.80.248.75) 56(84) bytes of data.# 远程的ip地址：112.80.248.75

# 本地解析,可以在windows中的hosts文件中添加解析106.13.91.75  《==》 www.test.com# 这样通过ip地址或者映射后的域名都可以访问到服务器

[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/fstab ## /etc/fstab# Created by anaconda on Thu Dec  9 18:57:52 2021## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info#/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0UUID=046a66f5-d610-42fd-a0ec-c98793ff6320 /boot                   xfs     defaults# 通过df -h 查看挂载信息[root@localhost /]# df -hFilesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted ondevtmpfs                 475M     0  475M   0% /devtmpfs                    487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shmtmpfs                    487M  7.6M  479M   2% /runtmpfs                    487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/mapper/centos-root  100G  2.2G   98G   3% //dev/sda1                509M  132M  378M  26% /boottmpfs                     98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0可以发现/boot和/的挂载信息是一样的

# 验证Linux中开机自启动示例# 在/etc/rc.local中加入执行语句vim /etc/rc.localecho 'hello' > test# 设置开机自启动权限chomd +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local# 重启系统reboot# 查看test文件是否写入了hellocat test

# 修改或添加环境变量主要修改以下四个文件和目录内添加.shw# 修改下面两个文件    /etc/profile    /etc/bashrc# 修改下面两个文件 ~/.bash_profile    ~/.bashrc# 目录    /etc/profile.d/  # 在该目录下创建文件后要添加执行权限# 读取环境变量的几种情况，以及使用文件的先后顺序1、重启/etc/profile.d --> /etc/profile --> /etc/bashrc --> ~/.bashrc --> ~/.bash_profile2、切换用户/etc/profile.d --> /etc/bashrc --> ~/.bashrcps：useradd [用户名]su [用户名]3、重新登录用户1、su - [用户名]/etc/profile.d --> /etc/profile --> /etc/bashrc --> ~/.bashrc --> ~/.bash_profile2、ssh root@192.168.15.101/etc/profile.d --> /etc/profile --> /etc/bashrc --> ~/.bashrc --> ~/.bash_profile

# 登录之后提示小火龙图画，issue文件也是一样的[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/motd                          /   //            |___/|      /   //  \              /0  0  __  /    //  |                 /     /  /_/    //   |                  @_^_@'/   /_   //    |                    //_^_/     /_ //     |                   ( //) |        ///      |                   ( / /) _|_ /   )  //       |           _      ( // /) '/,_ _ _/  ( ; -.    |    _ _.-~        .-~~~^-.  (( / / )) ,-{        _      `-.|.-~-.           .~         `.   (( // / ))  '/      /                 ~-. _ .-~      .-~^-.   (( /// ))      `.   {            }                   /          (( / ))     .----~-.        -'                 .~           `. ^-.             ///.----..>                     _ -~             `.  ^-`  ^-_                ///-._ _ _ _ _ _ _}^ - - - - ~                     ~-- ,.-~                                                                  /.-~

# yum安装python：yum install python3

# 先查看5行吧，太多了占地[root@localhost log]# head -5 /var/log/messagesDec 12 16:13:02 localhost rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="8.24.0-55.el7" x-pid="1470" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] rsyslogd was HUPedDec 12 16:47:59 localhost systemd: Started Delayed Shutdown Service.Dec 12 16:47:59 localhost systemd-shutdownd: Shutting down at Sun 2021-12-12 16:57:59 CST (poweroff)...Dec 12 16:48:08 localhost systemd-shutdownd: Shutdown canceled.Dec 12 17:01:01 localhost systemd: Started Session 3 of user root.

[root@localhost proc]# lscpu或[root@localhost proc]# cat cpuinfoArchitecture:          x86_64CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bitByte Order:            Little EndianCPU(s):                1On-line CPU(s) list:   0Thread(s) per core:    1Core(s) per socket:    1Socket(s):             1NUMA node(s):          1Vendor ID:             GenuineIntelCPU family:            6Model:                 158Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8300H CPU @ 2.30GHzStepping:              10CPU MHz:               2303.999BogoMIPS:              4607.99Hypervisor vendor:     VMwareVirtualization type:   fullL1d cache:             32KL1i cache:             32KL2 cache:              256KL3 cache:              8192KNUMA node0 CPU(s):     0

[root@localhost proc]# head  -5  /proc/meminfoMemTotal:         995676 kBMemFree:          689728 kBMemAvailable:     672864 kBBuffers:            2104 kBCached:            94548 kB# 用free看内存信息会更直观[root@localhost proc]# free -h              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   availableMem:           972M        185M        673M        7.5M        113M        656MSwap:            0B          0B          0B

[root@localhost proc]# cat loadavg0.13 0.04 0.05 1/113 18390.13 ：1分钟内CPU负载0.04 ：5分钟内CPU负载0.05 ：15分钟内CPU负载负载：当前系统的所有进程占用CPU的时间比[root@localhost proc]# w 19:19:11 up  1:55,  1 user,  load average: 0.08, 0.04, 0.05USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHATroot     pts/0    192.168.15.1     17:24    7.00s  0.10s  0.01s w# w命令的数据来源是/proc/loadavg

[root@localhost proc]# [root@localhost proc]# df -hFilesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted ondevtmpfs                 475M     0  475M   0% /devtmpfs                    487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shmtmpfs                    487M  7.6M  479M   2% /runtmpfs                    487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/mapper/centos-root  100G  2.2G   98G   3% //dev/sda1                509M  132M  378M  26% /boottmpfs                     98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0