Python Tkinter 面向对象设计：跨类获取游戏对象坐标的策略

import tkinter as tk

class GameObject:
    """
    所有游戏对象的基类，提供基本的位置和尺寸管理。
    """
    def __init__(self, canvas, x, y, width, height):
        self.canvas = canvas
        self.x = x  # 对象左上角X坐标
        self.y = y  # 对象左上角Y坐标
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.id = None # Tkinter canvas item ID

    def get_position(self):
        """
        获取对象的当前边界框坐标 (x1, y1, x2, y2)。
        """
        if self.id:
            return self.canvas.coords(self.id)
        # 如果没有canvas ID，则返回内部维护的坐标
        return (self.x, self.y, self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height)

    def move(self, dx, dy):
        """
        移动对象并更新其在画布上的位置。
        """
        self.x += dx
        self.y += dy
        if self.id:
            self.canvas.move(self.id, dx, dy)

class Paddle(GameObject):
    """
    游戏中的挡板对象。
    """
    def __init__(self, canvas, x, y, width, height):
        super().__init__(canvas, x, y, width, height)
        self.id = self.canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + width, y + height, fill="blue")

class Ball(GameObject):
    """
    游戏中的球对象，通过构造函数获取Paddle实例。
    """
    def __init__(self, canvas, x, y, radius, paddle_instance): # 接收paddle实例
        super().__init__(canvas, x, y, radius * 2, radius * 2) # width=diameter, height=diameter
        self.radius = radius
        self.paddle = paddle_instance # 存储paddle实例
        self.id = self.canvas.create_oval(x, y, x + radius * 2, y + radius * 2, fill="red")

    def check_collision_with_paddle(self):
        """
        检查球是否与存储的挡板发生碰撞。
        """
        ball_pos = self.get_position()
        paddle_pos = self.paddle.get_position() # 通过存储的paddle实例获取其位置

        # 简化版AABB碰撞检测
        # ball_pos: (x1, y1, x2, y2)
        # paddle_pos: (x1, y1, x2, y2)
        if (ball_pos[2] > paddle_pos[0] and ball_pos[0] < paddle_pos[2] and
            ball_pos[3] > paddle_pos[1] and ball_pos[1] < paddle_pos[3]):
            print("Ball collided with Paddle!")
            return True
        return False

# 游戏主逻辑示例
class Game(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, width=600, height=400, bg="lightgray")
        self.canvas.pack()

        self.paddle = Paddle(self.canvas, 250, 350, 100, 20)
        self.ball = Ball(self.canvas, 290, 100, 10, self.paddle) # 创建Ball时传入paddle实例

        self.update_game()

    def update_game(self):
        # 实际游戏中会有更复杂的移动和逻辑
        # self.ball.move(1, 1) # 假设球在移动

        # 检查碰撞
        self.ball.check_collision_with_paddle()

        self.master.after(50, self.update_game) # 每50ms更新一次

if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title("Tkinter 游戏对象通信示例 - 策略一")
    game = Game(root)
    game.pack()
    root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk

# GameObject 和 Paddle 类与策略一中的定义相同，此处省略重复代码
# class GameObject: ...
# class Paddle: ...

class Ball(GameObject):
    """
    游戏中的球对象，通过方法参数获取其他对象实例。
    """
    def __init__(self, canvas, x, y, radius): # 构造函数不再接收paddle实例
        super().__init__(canvas, x, y, radius * 2, radius * 2)
        self.radius = radius
        self.id = self.canvas.create_oval(x, y, x + radius * 2, y + radius * 2, fill="red")

    def check_collision_with_object(self, other_object): # 接收任意other_object
        """
        检查球是否与传入的任意对象发生碰撞。
        要求other_object也实现get_position方法。
        """
        ball_pos = self.get_position()
        other_object_pos = other_object.get_position() # 获取传入对象的实时位置

        # 简化版AABB碰撞检测
        if (ball_pos[2] > other_object_pos[0] and ball_pos[0] < other_object_pos[2] and
            ball_pos[3] > other_object_pos[1] and ball_pos[1] < other_object_pos[3]):
            print(f"Ball collided with {other_object.__class__.__name__}!")
            return True
        return False

# 游戏主逻辑示例 (Game类)
class Game(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, width=600, height=400, bg="lightgray")
        self.canvas.pack()

        self.paddle1 = Paddle(self.canvas, 250, 350, 100, 20)
        self.paddle2 = Paddle(self.canvas, 50, 350, 80, 20) # 另一个挡板
        self.ball = Ball(self.canvas, 290, 100, 10) # 创建Ball时不再传入paddle

        self.update_game()

    def update_game(self):
        # 假设球在移动
        # self.ball.move(1, 1)

        # 检查与不同对象的碰撞
        if self.ball.check_collision_with_object(self.paddle1):
            # 处理与paddle1的碰撞逻辑
            pass
        if self.ball.check_collision_with_object(self.paddle2):
            # 处理与paddle2的碰撞逻辑
            pass
        # 还可以检查与砖块的碰撞等
        # for brick in self.bricks:
        #     if self.ball.check_collision_with_object(brick):
        #         pass

        self.master.after(50, self.update_game)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title("Tkinter 游戏对象通信示例 - 策略二")
    game = Game(root)
    game.pack()
    root.mainloop()