运行时类型识别怎么用 dynamic_cast和typeid应用

#include <iostream>
class Base {
public:
    virtual ~Base() {}  // 必须有虚函数
};
<p>class Derived : public Base {
public:
void specific() {
std::cout << "Called Derived::specific()\n";
}
};</p><p>int main() {
Base* ptr = new Derived;</p><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>// 安全地转换为 Derived*
Derived* d = dynamic_cast<Derived*>(ptr);
if (d) {
    d->specific();  // 调用派生类特有函数
} else {
    std::cout << "Conversion failed\n";
}

delete ptr;
return 0;

#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
<p>class Base {
public:
virtual ~Base() {}
};</p><p>class Derived : public Base {};</p><p>int main() {
Base* ptr = new Derived;</p><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>std::cout << "Type: " << typeid(*ptr).name() << "\n";  // 输出 Derived 类型名
std::cout << "Compare with Base: " 
          << (typeid(*ptr) == typeid(Base)) << "\n";  // false
std::cout << "Compare with Derived: " 
          << (typeid(*ptr) == typeid(Derived)) << "\n";  // true

delete ptr;
return 0;

void process(Base* obj) {
    if (Derived* d = dynamic_cast<Derived*>(obj)) {
        d->specific();
    } else if (Another* a = dynamic_cast<Another*>(obj)) {
        a->doSomethingElse();
    } else {
        std::cout << "Unknown type\n";
    }
}

void checkType(Base& obj) {
    std::cout << "Actual type is: " << typeid(obj).name() << "\n";
}