PHP如何实现动态路由？通过正则表达式解析URL参数

index.php

.htaccess

# .htaccess 文件示例
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^ index.php [QSA,L]

# Nginx 配置示例
location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}

index.php

index.php

<?php

// index.php

// 模拟一个简单的自动加载，实际项目中会使用Composer的autoload
spl_autoload_register(function ($class) {
    $file = 'controllers/' . $class . '.php';
    if (file_exists($file)) {
        require_once $file;
    }
});

// 获取请求的URI，并清理掉查询字符串和首尾斜杠
$requestUri = trim(parse_url($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], PHP_URL_PATH), '/');

// 定义路由规则
// 键是正则表达式，值是对应的控制器和方法
// 这里的正则表达式需要捕获URL中的动态部分
$routes = [
    '#^users/(\d+)$#' => 'UserController@show',           // 匹配 /users/123
    '#^posts/([a-zA-Z0-9-]+)/edit$#' => 'PostController@edit', // 匹配 /posts/hello-world/edit
    '#^articles$#' => 'ArticleController@index',         // 匹配 /articles
    '#^$#' => 'HomeController@index',                   // 匹配根路径 /
];

$matched = false;
foreach ($routes as $pattern => $handler) {
    // 尝试匹配当前请求的URI
    if (preg_match($pattern, $requestUri, $matches)) {
        // 移除完整的匹配字符串（$matches[0]）
        array_shift($matches); 

        // 分离控制器名和方法名
        list($controllerName, $methodName) = explode('@', $handler);

        // 实例化控制器并调用对应方法，传入捕获到的参数
        // 实际项目中，这里可能需要更复杂的依赖注入或服务容器
        if (class_exists($controllerName)) {
            $controller = new $controllerName();
            if (method_exists($controller, $methodName)) {
                call_user_func_array([$controller, $methodName], $matches);
                $matched = true;
                break; // 找到匹配项后就停止遍历
            }
        }
    }
}

// 如果没有路由匹配，则返回404错误
if (!$matched) {
    header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
    echo "<h1>404 Not Found</h1><p>The page you requested could not be found.</p>";
}

// ----------------------------------------------------
// 示例控制器文件 (controllers/UserController.php)
// ----------------------------------------------------
class UserController {
    public function show($id) {
        echo "<h2>User Profile</h2>";
        echo "<p>Displaying user with ID: <strong>" . htmlspecialchars($id) . "</strong></p>";
        // 实际中会从数据库获取用户数据并渲染视图
    }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------
// 示例控制器文件 (controllers/PostController.php)
// ----------------------------------------------------
class PostController {
    public function edit($slug) {
        echo "<h2>Edit Post</h2>";
        echo "<p>Editing post with slug: <strong>" . htmlspecialchars($slug) . "</strong></p>";
        // 实际中会根据slug获取文章内容并显示编辑表单
    }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------
// 示例控制器文件 (controllers/ArticleController.php)
// ----------------------------------------------------
class ArticleController {
    public function index() {
        echo "<h2>All Articles</h2>";
        echo "<p>Listing all articles here...</p>";
        // 实际中会从数据库获取文章列表并渲染视图
    }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------
// 示例控制器文件 (controllers/HomeController.php)
// ----------------------------------------------------
class HomeController {
    public function index() {
        echo "<h2>Welcome!</h2>";
        echo "<p>This is the homepage of our dynamic routing example.</p>";
    }
}

?>

preg_match

example.com/index.php?controller=user&action=show&id=123

example.com/users/123

example.com/index.php?controller=user&action=show&id=123

example.com/posts/how-to-php-routing

/edit

/view

preg_match

.*

preg_match

/posts/new

/posts/(\d+)

/posts/new

/posts/(\d+)

new

/users/show/1

UserController

show

1

['/users/{id}' => 'UserController@show']

FastRoute

FastRoute