GolangDevOps工具链整合与实践技巧

scratch

alpine

# Build Stage: 编译Go应用
FROM golang:1.21-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go mod download # 下载依赖
COPY . .
# 禁用CGO，确保生成完全静态链接的二进制文件，指定目标操作系统为Linux
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -a -installsuffix nocgo -o myapp .

# Final Stage: 构建最终的轻量级镜像
FROM alpine:latest
WORKDIR /root/
# 从构建阶段复制编译好的二进制文件
COPY --from=builder /app/myapp .
# 定义容器启动时执行的命令
CMD ["./myapp"]

go mod vendor

GOOS

GOARCH

go mod download

SIGTERM

context

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "os"
    "os/signal"
    "syscall"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个简单的HTTP服务器
    server := &http.Server{Addr: ":8080"}

    // 在一个goroutine中启动HTTP服务器
    go func() {
        if err := server.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
            fmt.Printf("HTTP server ListenAndServe: %v\n", err)
        }
    }()

    // 创建一个通道来接收操作系统信号
    stop := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
    // 监听中断信号（Ctrl+C）和Kubernetes的终止信号
    signal.Notify(stop, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)

    // 阻塞主goroutine，直到接收到信号
    <-stop

    fmt.Println("Shutting down server gracefully...")

    // 创建一个带有超时机制的context，给服务器5秒钟时间来关闭
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
    defer cancel() // 确保context资源被释放

    // 尝试优雅地关闭HTTP服务器
    if err := server.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Server shutdown error: %v\n", err)
    } else {
        fmt.Println("Server exited gracefully.")
    }
}

os/exec

spf13/cobra

spf13/viper

net/http

log

uber-go/zap

sirupsen/logrus

prometheus/client_go

expvar

package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
    "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
)

var (
    // 定义一个HTTP请求总数的计数器向量，带有method和path标签
    httpRequestsTotal = prometheus.NewCounterVec(
        prometheus.CounterOpts{
            Name: "http_requests_total",
            Help: "Total number of HTTP requests.",
        },
        []string{"method", "path"},
    )
)

func init() {
    // 注册指标到Prometheus默认注册器
    prometheus.MustRegister(httpRequestsTotal)
}

func main() {
    // 暴露Prometheus指标接口
    http.Handle("/metrics", promhttp.Handler())
    // 定义一个处理所有HTTP请求的处理器
    http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        // 每次请求时，增加对应方法和路径的计数
        httpRequestsTotal.WithLabelValues(r.Method, r.URL.Path).Inc()
        w.Write([]byte("Hello, Prometheus!"))
    })
    // 启动HTTP服务器
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go