Spring @Order 注解值与环境变量：为何不能动态设置及替代方案

import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; // 即使引入@Value也无法直接用于@Order

// 错误示例：@Order注解的值不能是运行时表达式
// @Order(value = "#{environment.orderConfig}") // 编译时会报错或无法正确解析
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class LocalDevSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    // ... 配置内容 ...
}

order.config=10

import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
// 移除 @Order 注解
public class LocalDevSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter implements Ordered {

    // 通过 @Value 注解从环境变量或配置文件中注入值
    @Value("${order.config:0}") // 默认值为0，如果找不到order.config
    private int orderConfigValue;

    // ... 其他配置内容 ...

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        // 返回从环境变量中获取的动态排序值
        return orderConfigValue;
    }
}

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Collections;

interface MyService {
    void execute();
}

@Service
class MyServiceManager {

    private final List<MyService> services;

    @Autowired
    public MyServiceManager(List<MyService> services) {
        // 自动注入所有MyService的实现
        this.services = services;
        // 使用Spring的比较器对服务进行排序
        Collections.sort(this.services, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
    }

    public void runAllServices() {
        for (MyService service : services) {
            service.execute();
        }
    }
}