PHP如何实现简单MVC框架_MVC框架开发详细步骤

/
├── public/             # 公共访问目录，前端控制器入口
│   └── index.php
├── app/                # 应用程序核心代码
│   ├── Controllers/    # 控制器存放目录
│   │   └── HomeController.php
│   ├── Models/         # 模型存放目录
│   │   └── User.php
│   ├── Views/          # 视图模板存放目录
│   │   └── home/
│   │       └── index.php
│   └── Core/           # 核心组件，如App、Router、BaseController等
│       ├── App.php
│       ├── Router.php
│       └── Controller.php # 基础控制器
├── config/             # 配置文件
│   └── database.php
├── vendor/             # Composer依赖包
├── .htaccess           # URL重写规则

<?php
// public/index.php

// 开启错误报告，开发阶段很有用
ini_set('display_errors', 1);
ini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);
error_reporting(E_ALL);

// 定义应用根目录常量
define('APP_ROOT', dirname(__DIR__));

// 自动加载器
require_once APP_ROOT . '/vendor/autoload.php'; // 假设你使用了Composer

// 引入核心App类
require_once APP_ROOT . '/app/Core/App.php';

// 启动应用
$app = new AppCoreApp();
$app->run();

{
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "App\": "app/"
        }
    }
}

<?php
// app/Core/App.php

namespace AppCore;

class App
{
    protected $controller = 'Home';
    protected $method = 'index';
    protected $params = [];

    public function __construct()
    {
        $url = $this->parseUrl();

        // 检查控制器是否存在
        if (isset($url[0]) && file_exists(APP_ROOT . '/app/Controllers/' . ucfirst($url[0]) . 'Controller.php')) {
            $this->controller = ucfirst($url[0]);
            unset($url[0]);
        }
        require_once APP_ROOT . '/app/Controllers/' . $this->controller . 'Controller.php';
        $controllerClass = 'App\Controllers\' . $this->controller . 'Controller';
        $this->controller = new $controllerClass();

        // 检查方法是否存在
        if (isset($url[1])) {
            if (method_exists($this->controller, $url[1])) {
                $this->method = $url[1];
                unset($url[1]);
            }
        }

        // 获取参数
        $this->params = $url ? array_values($url) : [];
    }

    public function run()
    {
        call_user_func_array([$this->controller, $this->method], $this->params);
    }

    protected function parseUrl()
    {
        if (isset($_GET['url'])) {
            return explode('/', filter_var(rtrim($_GET['url'], '/'), FILTER_SANITIZE_URL));
        }
        return [];
    }
}

<?php
// app/Core/Controller.php

namespace AppCore;

class Controller
{
    public function view($viewName, $data = [])
    {
        // 提取数据，让视图可以直接使用变量名
        extract($data);
        require_once APP_ROOT . '/app/Views/' . $viewName . '.php';
    }

    public function model($modelName)
    {
        require_once APP_ROOT . '/app/Models/' . $modelName . '.php';
        $modelClass = 'App\Models\' . $modelName;
        return new $modelClass();
    }
}

<?php
// app/Controllers/HomeController.php

namespace AppControllers;

use AppCoreController;

class HomeController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        // 假设从模型获取数据
        $userModel = $this->model('User'); // 加载User模型
        $users = $userModel->getAllUsers(); // 调用模型方法获取数据

        $data = [
            'title' => '欢迎来到我的MVC框架',
            'message' => '这是一个简单的PHP MVC示例。',
            'users' => $users
        ];
        $this->view('home/index', $data);
    }

    public function about($name = '访客')
    {
        $data = [
            'title' => '关于我们',
            'message' => '你好，' . htmlspecialchars($name) . '！这是关于页面。'
        ];
        $this->view('home/about', $data);
    }
}

<?php
// app/Models/User.php

namespace AppModels;

class User
{
    private $users = [
        ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Alice'],
        ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Bob'],
        ['id' => 3, 'name' => 'Charlie']
    ];

    public function getAllUsers()
    {
        // 实际应用中这里会是数据库查询
        return $this->users;
    }

    public function getUserById($id)
    {
        foreach ($this->users as $user) {
            if ($user['id'] == $id) {
                return $user;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

<?php // app/Views/home/index.php ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title><?php echo htmlspecialchars($title); ?></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1><?php echo htmlspecialchars($message); ?></h1>
    <p>当前用户列表：</p>
    <ul>
        <?php foreach ($users as $user): ?>
            <li><?php echo htmlspecialchars($user['name']); ?></li>
        <?php endforeach; ?>
    </ul>
    <p><a href="/home/about/你的名字">关于我们</a></p>
</body>
</html>

<?php // app/Views/home/about.php ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title><?php echo htmlspecialchars($title); ?></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1><?php echo htmlspecialchars($title); ?></h1>
    <p><?php echo htmlspecialchars($message); ?></p>
    <p><a href="/">返回首页</a></p>
</body>
</html>

# .htaccess
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
    RewriteRule ^(.*)$ public/index.php?url=$1 [QSA,L]
</IfModule>