Laravel如何创建自定义验证规则_自定义数据验证逻辑

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
use Closure;

// 假设我们有一个请求数据
$data = [
    'promo_code' => 'INVALID123',
];

$validator = Validator::make($data, [
    'promo_code' => [
        'required',
        'string',
        function (string $attribute, mixed $value, Closure $fail) {
            // 这里可以写你的自定义逻辑
            // 比如检查数据库中是否存在这个优惠码，或者它是否有效
            if ($value === 'INVALID123') {
                $fail("提供的 :attribute 无效，请检查。");
            }
            // 甚至可以调用外部服务进行验证
            // if (! SomeApiService::isValidPromoCode($value)) {
            //     $fail("优惠码 {$value} 不存在或已过期。");
            // }
        },
    ],
]);

if ($validator->fails()) {
    // 处理验证失败
    // dd($validator->errors());
}

// app/Http/Requests/StoreOrderRequest.php
namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
use Closure;

class StoreOrderRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'product_id' => ['required', 'exists:products,id'],
            'quantity' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1'],
            'delivery_date' => [
                'required',
                'date',
                function (string $attribute, mixed $value, Closure $fail) {
                    // 确保配送日期不是周末
                    if (date('N', strtotime($value)) >= 6) { // 6 = Saturday, 7 = Sunday
                        $fail("配送日期不能是周末。");
                    }
                    // 确保配送日期在未来
                    if (strtotime($value) < time()) {
                        $fail("配送日期不能是过去的时间。");
                    }
                },
            ],
        ];
    }
}

php artisan make:rule MyCustomRule

// app/Rules/MyCustomRule.php
namespace App\Rules;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationRule;
// 如果你的规则需要访问容器，可以实现 ImplicitRule 或 DataAwareRule 接口
// use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ImplicitRule;
// use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\DataAwareRule;

class MyCustomRule implements ValidationRule
{
    protected $minAllowedValue;

    public function __construct(int $minAllowedValue = 0)
    {
        $this->minAllowedValue = $minAllowedValue;
    }

    /**
     * Run the validation rule.
     *
     * @param  \Closure(string): \Illuminate\Translation\PotentiallyTranslatedString  $fail
     */
    public function validate(string $attribute, mixed $value, Closure $fail): void
    {
        // 这里的 $attribute 是字段名， $value 是字段值
        // 假设我们想验证一个值是否是偶数，并且大于某个最小值
        if (!is_numeric($value) || $value % 2 !== 0) {
            $fail("The :attribute must be an even number.");
            return; // 验证失败后通常会直接返回
        }

        if ($value < $this->minAllowedValue) {
            $fail("The :attribute must be at least {$this->minAllowedValue}.");
        }

        // 如果需要访问请求中的其他数据，可以在构造函数中注入或者实现 DataAwareRule 接口
        // 比如，如果需要检查另一个字段的值：
        // if ($this->data['another_field'] === 'some_value' && $value === 'other_value') {
        //     $fail("根据另一个字段的条件，:attribute 的值不符合要求。");
        // }
    }
}

use App\Rules\MyCustomRule;

$data = [
    'amount' => 10,
];

$validator = Validator::make($data, [
    'amount' => ['required', 'integer', new MyCustomRule(5)], // 传入构造函数参数
]);

if ($validator->fails()) {
    // dd($validator->errors()); // amount: The amount must be at least 5.
}

$data = [
    'amount' => 7, // 奇数
];

$validator = Validator::make($data, [
    'amount' => ['required', 'integer', new MyCustomRule(5)],
]);

if ($validator->fails()) {
    // dd($validator->errors()); // amount: The amount must be an even number.
}

// app/Rules/UniqueEmailAcrossMultipleTables.php
namespace App\Rules;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationRule;
use App\Services\UserService; // 假设有一个用户服务

class UniqueEmailAcrossMultipleTables implements ValidationRule
{
    protected UserService $userService;
    protected ?int $ignoreUserId; // 允许在更新时忽略当前用户

    public function __construct(UserService $userService, ?int $ignoreUserId = null)
    {
        $this->userService = $userService;
        $this->ignoreUserId = $ignoreUserId;
    }

    public function validate(string $attribute, mixed $value, Closure $fail): void
    {
        // 假设我们要在 users 和 vendors 表中检查邮箱唯一性
        if ($this->userService->emailExistsInUsersAndVendors($value, $this->ignoreUserId)) {
            $fail("The :attribute is already taken.");
        }
    }
}

use App\Rules\UniqueEmailAcrossMultipleTables;
use App\Services\UserService; // 确保服务可以被解析

// 在控制器或FormRequest中
public function rules(): array
{
    $userId = $this->route('user') ? $this->route('user')->id : null; // 更新场景
    return [
        'email' => [
            'required',
            'email',
            // Laravel会自动解析 UserService 实例并注入
            new UniqueEmailAcrossMultipleTables(app(UserService::class), $userId),
        ],
    ];
}

// app/Rules/ConditionalFieldRequired.php
namespace App\Rules;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\DataAwareRule;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationRule;

class ConditionalFieldRequired implements ValidationRule, DataAwareRule
{
    protected array $data = [];

    public function setData(array $data): static
    {
        $this->data = $data;
        return $this;
    }

    public function validate(string $attribute, mixed $value, Closure $fail): void
    {
        // 如果 payment_method 是 'bank_transfer'，那么 account_number 必须存在
        if (isset($this->data['payment_method']) && $this->data['payment_method'] === 'bank_transfer') {
            if (empty($value)) {
                $fail("When payment method is bank transfer, the :attribute is required.");
            }
        }
    }
}

use App\Rules\ConditionalFieldRequired;

$data = [
    'payment_method' => 'bank_transfer',
    // 'account_number' => '123456789', // 缺少此字段会导致验证失败
];

$validator = Validator::make($data, [
    'payment_method' => ['required', 'string'],
    'account_number' => [new ConditionalFieldRequired()],
]);

// app/Rules/MyCustomRule.php
// ...
public function validate(string $attribute, mixed $value, Closure $fail): void
{
    if (!is_numeric($value) || $value % 2 !== 0) {
        $fail("字段 :attribute 必须是偶数。"); // 直接写入中文消息
        return;
    }
    // ...
}