Spring JPA集成测试：使用AssertJ优雅地忽略实体ID进行断言

// 假设 OrderDTO 包含 id, orderId, address 等字段
// 在测试中，我们可能不小心硬编码了ID
private static final OrderDTO VALID_ORDER = OrderDTO.builder()
    .withId(1L) // 硬编码的ID，这是问题所在
    .withOrderId("orderId_from_api")
    .withAddress("Test Address")
    .build();

@Test
void shouldSaveNewOrder() {
    OrderDTO savedOrder = orderService.saveNewOrder(VALID_ORDER);
    // 这里如果直接使用 isEqualTo(VALID_ORDER) 会因为ID不匹配而失败
    // 或者需要手动设置 savedOrder 的ID，这也很麻烦
    assertThat(orderService.findByOrderId("orderId_from_api")).isEqualTo(savedOrder);
}

// 简化 OrderDTO 定义，实际中可能是 Lombok @Builder 类
record OrderDTO(Long id, String orderId, String address) {}

// 假设 orderService.saveNewOrder 方法签名如下：
// public OrderDTO saveNewOrder(OrderDTO order);
// public OrderDTO findByOrderId(String orderId);

@Test
void shouldSaveNewOrderAndAssertRelevantFields() {
    // 模拟一个待保存的订单，不设置ID，因为它将由数据库自动生成
    OrderDTO newOrder = new OrderDTO(null, "testOrderId_XYZ", "123 Main St, Anytown");

    // 假设 orderService.saveNewOrder 会返回带有数据库生成ID的OrderDTO
    OrderDTO savedOrder = orderService.saveNewOrder(newOrder);

    // 使用 AssertJ 的 extracting 方法，只关注 orderId 和 address
    assertThat(savedOrder)
        .extracting(OrderDTO::orderId, OrderDTO::address)
        .containsExactly("testOrderId_XYZ", "123 Main St, Anytown");

    // 或者，如果需要从数据库中重新查询验证
    OrderDTO fetchedOrder = orderService.findByOrderId("testOrderId_XYZ");
    assertThat(fetchedOrder)
        .extracting(OrderDTO::orderId, OrderDTO::address)
        .containsExactly("testOrderId_XYZ", "123 Main St, Anytown");
}

// 假设我们定义一个只包含业务字段的Record，用于断言
record OrderDetails(String orderId, String address) {}

@Test
void shouldSaveNewOrderAndMapToDetailsForAssertion() {
    OrderDTO newOrder = new OrderDTO(null, "anotherOrderId_ABC", "456 Oak Ave, Otherville");
    OrderDTO savedOrder = orderService.saveNewOrder(newOrder);

    // 定义期望的业务详情对象
    OrderDetails expectedDetails = new OrderDetails("anotherOrderId_ABC", "456 Oak Ave, Otherville");

    // 提取 orderId 和 address，并将其映射到一个 OrderDetails 对象进行比较
    assertThat(savedOrder)
        .extracting(data -> new OrderDetails(data.orderId(), data.address()),
                    InstanceOfAssertFactories.type(OrderDetails.class))
        .isEqualTo(expectedDetails);
}