防止Spring Boot集成测试中数据冲突的策略与实践

import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import jakarta.persistence.GenerationType;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Assignment {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;
    private String title;
    private String description;
    private String userId;
    private String creator;

    // Getters and Setters
    public Integer getId() { return id; }
    public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; }
    public String getTitle() { return title; }
    public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; }
    public String getDescription() { return description; }
    public void setDescription(String description) { this.description = description; }
    public String getUserId() { return userId; }
    public void setUserId(String userId) { this.userId = userId; }
    public String getCreator() { return creator; }
    public void setCreator(String creator) { this.creator = creator; }
}

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

// 假设TestContainers的配置已在父类或静态块中完成
@SpringBootTest
@Testcontainers // 标记使用TestContainers
class AssignmentIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    private AssignmentService assignmentService; // 假设有一个AssignmentService

    // 为整个测试类启用事务回滚
    // 也可以只在需要回滚的特定测试方法上添加
    @Transactional
    @Test
    void When_getById_Verify_Fields() {
        // 1. 准备数据
        AssignmentDTO assignmentDTO = new AssignmentDTO();
        assignmentDTO.setTitle("test title");
        assignmentDTO.setDescription("test description");
        assignmentDTO.setUserId("user123");
        assignmentDTO.setCreator("creator456");

        // 2. 执行操作：添加作业，ID将由数据库自动生成
        assignmentService.addAssignment(assignmentDTO);

        // 3. 验证操作：通过ID获取作业
        // 注意：这里假设getById(1)能获取到刚才添加的作业。
        // 在@Transactional环境下，由于ID是自动生成的且事务未提交，
        // 外部是看不到这个ID的。但在这个事务内部，我们可以通过某种方式
        // 获取到刚刚添加的实体的ID，例如addAssignment方法返回实体或其ID。
        // 为了示例简化，我们假设addAssignment返回了带ID的DTO，或者
        // 在实际业务中，我们会通过查询条件（非ID）来获取。
        // 如果addAssignment返回了带有实际ID的DTO，我们可以这样：
        AssignmentDTO addedAssignment = assignmentService.addAssignment(assignmentDTO); // 假设返回带ID的DTO
        AssignmentDTO expectedAssignment = assignmentService.getById(addedAssignment.getId());

        // 4. 断言
        assertEquals(assignmentDTO.getTitle(), expectedAssignment.getTitle());
        assertEquals(assignmentDTO.getDescription(), expectedAssignment.getDescription());
        assertEquals(assignmentDTO.getUserId(), expectedAssignment.getUserId());
        assertEquals(assignmentDTO.getCreator(), expectedAssignment.getCreator());

        // 测试方法结束，事务将自动回滚，数据库恢复到测试前的状态。
    }

    // 另一个测试方法，同样受益于@Transactional的隔离
    @Transactional
    @Test
    void When_updateAssignment_Verify_Changes() {
        // 准备初始数据
        AssignmentDTO initialDto = new AssignmentDTO();
        initialDto.setTitle("original");
        initialDto.setDescription("original desc");
        initialDto.setUserId("userA");
        initialDto.setCreator("creatorA");
        AssignmentDTO addedAssignment = assignmentService.addAssignment(initialDto);

        // 更新数据
        addedAssignment.setTitle("updated");
        assignmentService.updateAssignment(addedAssignment);

        // 验证更新
        AssignmentDTO updatedAssignment = assignmentService.getById(addedAssignment.getId());
        assertEquals("updated", updatedAssignment.getTitle());
        assertEquals("original desc", updatedAssignment.getDescription());
    }
}