
本文将指导你如何使用 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 为幻灯片添加平滑的滑动进入和滑动退出效果。我们将通过动态切换 CSS 类来实现动画效果,使幻灯片切换更加流畅自然。本文包含详细的代码示例和步骤说明,帮助你轻松实现这一功能。
首先,我们需要一个包含幻灯片的 HTML 结构。每个幻灯片都应该有一个容器,例如 div,并且拥有一个唯一的类名,例如 mySlides。
<div class="slideshow-container">
<div class="mySlides" style="display: block;">
<center>
<div class="numbertext">1 / 6</div>
<img src="image1.jpg" style="width:100%">
<div class="text">Caption 1</div>
</center>
</div>
<div class="mySlides" style="display: none;">
<center>
<div class="numbertext">2 / 6</div>
<img src="image2.jpg" style="width:100%">
<div class="text">Caption 2</div>
</center>
</div>
<!-- 更多幻灯片 -->
</div>接下来,定义 CSS 样式来控制幻灯片的显示和动画效果。关键在于定义 slide-in 和 slide-out 动画,并将其应用于幻灯片。
.mySlides {
display: none; /* 初始状态隐藏所有幻灯片 */
}
.slide-in {
animation: slide-in-right 0.5s ease-in-out forwards; /* 从右侧滑入 */
}
.slide-out {
animation: slide-out-left 0.5s ease-in-out forwards; /* 从左侧滑出 */
}
@keyframes slide-in-right {
0% {
transform: translateX(100%);
opacity: 0;
}
100% {
transform: translateX(0);
opacity: 1;
}
}
@keyframes slide-out-left {
0% {
transform: translateX(0);
opacity: 1;
}
100% {
transform: translateX(-100%);
opacity: 0;
}
}说明:
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现在,使用 JavaScript 来控制幻灯片的切换和动画效果。我们需要修改 showSlides 函数,在显示新幻灯片时添加 slide-in 类,并在隐藏旧幻灯片时添加 slide-out 类。
let slideIndex = 0;
showSlides();
function showSlides() {
let i;
let slides = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides");
for (i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) {
slides[i].classList.remove("slide-in"); // 移除 slide-in 类
slides[i].classList.add("slide-out"); // 添加 slide-out 类
setTimeout(() => { // 添加延迟,确保动画播放完毕后再隐藏
slides[i].style.display = "none";
slides[i].classList.remove("slide-out"); // 动画完成后移除 slide-out 类
}, 500); // 延迟时间与 CSS 动画时间一致
}
slideIndex++;
if (slideIndex > slides.length) {slideIndex = 1}
slides[slideIndex-1].style.display = "block";
slides[slideIndex-1].classList.remove("slide-out"); // 移除 slide-out 类
slides[slideIndex-1].classList.add("slide-in"); // 添加 slide-in 类
setTimeout(showSlides, 3000); // Change image every 3 seconds
}代码解释:
showSlides() 函数:
动态类名切换:
完整示例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
* {box-sizing: border-box}
body {font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; margin:0}
.mySlides {display: none}
img {vertical-align: middle;}
/* Slideshow container */
.slideshow-container {
max-width: 1000px;
position: relative;
margin: auto;
}
/* Next & previous buttons */
.prev, .next {
cursor: pointer;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
width: auto;
padding: 16px;
margin-top: -22px;
color: white;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 18px;
transition: 0.6s ease;
border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
user-select: none;
}
/* Position the "next button" to the right */
.next {
right: 0;
border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px;
}
/* On hover, add a black background color with a little bit see-through */
.prev:hover, .next:hover {
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
}
/* Caption text */
.text {
color: #f2f2f2;
font-size: 15px;
padding: 8px 12px;
position: absolute;
bottom: 8px;
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
}
/* Number text (1/3 etc) */
.numbertext {
color: #f2f2f2;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 8px 12px;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
}
/* The dots/indicators */
.dot {
cursor: pointer;
height: 15px;
width: 15px;
margin: 0 2px;
background-color: #bbb;
border-radius: 50%;
display: inline-block;
transition: background-color 0.6s ease;
}
.active, .dot:hover {
background-color: #717171;
}
/* Fading animation */
.slide-in {
animation: slide-in-right 0.5s ease-in-out forwards;
}
.slide-out {
animation: slide-out-left 0.5s ease-in-out forwards;
}
@keyframes slide-in-right {
0% {
transform: translateX(100%);
opacity: 0;
}
100% {
transform: translateX(0);
opacity: 1;
}
}
@keyframes slide-out-left {
0% {
transform: translateX(0);
opacity: 1;
}
100% {
transform: translateX(-100%);
opacity: 0;
}
}
/* On smaller screens, decrease text size */
@media only screen and (max-width: 300px) {
.prev, .next, .text {font-size: 11px}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="slideshow-container">
<div class="mySlides">
<div class="numbertext">1 / 3</div>
<img src="img1.jpg" style="width:100%">
<div class="text">Caption Text</div>
</div>
<div class="mySlides">
<div class="numbertext">2 / 3</div>
<img src="img2.jpg" style="width:100%">
<div class="text">Caption Two</div>
</div>
<div class="mySlides">
<div class="numbertext">3 / 3</div>
<img src="img3.jpg" style="width:100%">
<div class="text">Caption Three</div>
</div>
<a class="prev" onclick="plusSlides(-1)">❮</a>
<a class="next" onclick="plusSlides(1)">❯</a>
</div>
<br>
<div style="text-align:center">
<span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(1)"></span>
<span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(2)"></span>
<span class="dot" onclick="currentSlide(3)"></span>
</div>
<script>
let slideIndex = 0;
showSlides();
function showSlides() {
let i;
let slides = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides");
for (i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) {
slides[i].classList.remove("slide-in");
slides[i].classList.add("slide-out");
setTimeout(() => {
slides[i].style.display = "none";
slides[i].classList.remove("slide-out");
}, 500);
}
slideIndex++;
if (slideIndex > slides.length) {slideIndex = 1}
slides[slideIndex-1].style.display = "block";
slides[slideIndex-1].classList.remove("slide-out");
slides[slideIndex-1].classList.add("slide-in");
setTimeout(showSlides, 3000); // Change image every 3 seconds
}
</script>
</body>
</html>注意事项:
通过本文,你学习了如何使用 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 为幻灯片添加滑动效果。关键在于使用 CSS 定义动画,并使用 JavaScript 动态切换 CSS 类名,从而实现平滑的幻灯片切换效果。希望本文能帮助你更好地掌握前端开发技术。
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