Selenium与Python：高效定位动态Web元素的策略

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

# 初始化WebDriver（以Chrome为例）
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://example.com") # 替换为实际网址

try:
    # 假设有一个链接文本是 "点击这里了解更多"
    # 使用 link_text 精确定位
    link_element_full = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, "点击这里了解更多"))
    )
    print(f"通过完整链接文本定位到元素: {link_element_full.text}")
    link_element_full.click()
    driver.back() # 返回上一页

    # 假设有一个链接文本是 "查看详情"
    # 使用 partial_link_text 部分匹配
    link_element_partial = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "查看"))
    )
    print(f"通过部分链接文本定位到元素: {link_element_partial.text}")
    link_element_partial.click()

except Exception as e:
    print(f"定位链接时发生错误: {e}")
finally:
    driver.quit()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://example.com") # 替换为实际网址

try:
    # 假设一个按钮的类名是动态的，但总是以 "btn-" 开头
    # <button class="btn-submit-12345" type="submit">提交</button>
    dynamic_button_css = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button[class^='btn-']"))
    )
    print(f"通过CSS选择器（前缀匹配）定位到按钮: {dynamic_button_css.text}")
    # dynamic_button_css.click()

    # 假设一个输入框的ID是动态的，但其父元素有一个固定的类名 "form-group"
    # <div class="form-group"><input id="input-random-id-xyz" type="text"></div>
    dynamic_input_css = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".form-group > input[type='text']"))
    )
    print(f"通过CSS选择器（父子关系和属性）定位到输入框")
    dynamic_input_css.send_keys("Hello Dynamic World")

except Exception as e:
    print(f"定位CSS元素时发生错误: {e}")
finally:
    driver.quit()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://example.com") # 替换为实际网址

try:
    # 假设一个DIV元素的ID是动态的，但其类名总是包含 "card" 且内部文本包含 "产品信息"
    # <div id="dynamic-card-123" class="product-card active">产品信息...</div>
    dynamic_div_xpath = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//div[contains(@class, 'card') and contains(text(), '产品信息')]"))
    )
    print(f"通过XPath（类名和文本包含）定位到DIV: {dynamic_div_xpath.text[:20]}...")

    # 假设一个输入框的name属性是动态的，但总是以 "user_input_" 开头
    # <input name="user_input_12345" type="text">
    dynamic_input_xpath = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//input[starts-with(@name, 'user_input_')]"))
    )
    print(f"通过XPath（属性前缀匹配）定位到输入框")
    dynamic_input_xpath.send_keys("Dynamic XPath input")

    # 假设一个表格中某一行的数据是动态的，但我们知道其中一个单元格的文本内容
    # <table><tr><td>动态数据1</td><td>固定文本</td></tr></table>
    # 定位包含 "固定文本" 的td的父tr
    row_with_fixed_text_xpath = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//td[text()='固定文本']/parent::tr"))
    )
    print(f"通过XPath（文本匹配和父级关系）定位到表格行: {row_with_fixed_text_xpath.text}")

except Exception as e:
    print(f"定位XPath元素时发生错误: {e}")
finally:
    driver.quit()