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使用 HTML/JavaScript 实现滑动切换效果的图片轮播

花韻仙語

发布： 2025-10-12 08:47:27

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使用 html/javascript 实现滑动切换效果的图片轮播

本文将指导你如何使用 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 为图片轮播添加滑动切换效果。我们将通过动态添加和移除 CSS 类来实现图片的滑入和滑出动画，从而增强用户体验，使轮播图的切换更加流畅自然。本文提供了详细的代码示例和步骤，帮助你轻松实现这一效果。

实现原理

核心思想是利用 CSS 的 animation 属性定义滑入 (slide-in) 和滑出 (slide-out) 动画，然后通过 JavaScript 在切换图片时动态地添加和移除这些 CSS 类。

步骤详解

HTML 结构:

首先，确保你的 HTML 结构包含一个容器，用于包裹轮播图的图片。每个图片都应该放在一个 div 元素中，例如 mySlides。

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<div class="slideshow-container">
  <div class="mySlides slide-in" style="display: block;">
    <center>
      <div class="numbertext">1 / 6</div>
      <img src="image1.jpg" style="width:100%">
      <div class="text">Image 1 Description</div>
    </center>
  </div>
  <div class="mySlides slide-in" style="display: none;">
    <center>
      <div class="numbertext">2 / 6</div>
      <img src="image2.jpg" style="width:100%">
      <div class="text">Image 2 Description</div>
    </center>
  </div>
  </div>

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CSS 样式:

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定义 slide-in 和 slide-out 动画。确保你的 CSS 文件包含以下内容：

.slide-in {
    -webkit-animation-name: slide-in-right;
    -webkit-animation-duration: 1.5s;
    animation-name: slide-in-right;
    animation-duration: 1.5s;
}

.slide-out {
    -webkit-animation-name: slide-out-left;
    -webkit-animation-duration: 1.5s;
    animation-name: slide-out-left;
    animation-duration: 1.5s;
}

@keyframes slide-in-right {
    from {
        transform: translateX(100%);
    }
    to {
        transform: translateX(0%);
    }
}

@keyframes slide-out-left {
    from {
        transform: translateX(0%);
    }
    to {
        transform: translateX(-100%);
    }
}

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slide-in 动画：图片从右侧滑入。
slide-out 动画：图片向左侧滑出。
@keyframes 定义了动画的具体过程。

JavaScript 代码:

修改 JavaScript 代码，在显示新图片和隐藏旧图片时，动态添加和移除 CSS 类。

function showSlides(n) {
    var i;
    var slides = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides");
    if (n > slides.length) {
        slideIndex = 1
    }
    if (n < 1) {
        slideIndex = slides.length
    }

    // 找到当前显示的 slide 和即将显示的 slide
    let slideToHide = document.querySelector(".mySlides[style='display: block;']");
    let slideToShow = slides[slideIndex - 1];

    // 移除所有 slides 的显示样式
    for (i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) {
        slides[i].style.display = "none";
    }

    // 添加动画类
    if (slideToHide) {
        slideToHide.classList.remove("slide-in");
        slideToHide.classList.add("slide-out");
    }

    slideToShow.classList.remove("slide-out");
    slideToShow.classList.add("slide-in");

    // 显示 slide
    slideToShow.style.display = "block";
}

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首先，获取当前显示的 slide (slideToHide) 和即将显示的 slide (slideToShow)。
然后，移除 slideToHide 的 slide-in 类并添加 slide-out 类，使其滑出。
接着，移除 slideToShow 的 slide-out 类并添加 slide-in 类，使其滑入。
最后，设置 slideToShow 的 display 属性为 "block"，使其可见。

完整示例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
* {
    box-sizing: border-box
}
body {
    font-family: nunito sans;
    margin: 0
}
.mySlides {
    display: none;
}
center > img {
    vertical-align: middle;
    height: 75vh;
    width: auto !important;
}
.slideshow-container {
    max-width: 1250px;
    position: relative;
    margin: auto;
}
/* Next & previous buttons */
.prev,
.next {
    cursor: pointer;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    width: auto;
    padding: 16px;
    margin-top: -22px;
    color: white;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 18px;
    transition: 0.6s ease;
    border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
    user-select: none;
}
/* Position the "next button" to the right */
.next {
    right: 0;
    border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px;
}
/* On hover, add a black background color with a little bit see-through */
.prev:hover,
.next:hover {
    background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
}
/* Caption text */
.text {
    color: #FFFFFF;
    font-size: 22px;
    position: absolute;
    margin: 5px 0px;
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
}
/* Number text (1/3 etc) */
.numbertext {
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 12px;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
}

/* Fading animation */
.slide-in {
    -webkit-animation-name: slide-in-right;
    -webkit-animation-duration: 1.5s;
    animation-name: slide-in-right;
    animation-duration: 1.5s;
}

.slide-out {
    -webkit-animation-name: slide-out-left;
    -webkit-animation-duration: 1.5s;
    animation-name: slide-out-left;
    animation-duration: 1.5s;
}

@keyframes slide-in-right {
    from {
        transform: translateX(100%);
    }
    to {
        transform: translateX(0%);
    }
}

@keyframes slide-out-left {
    from {
        transform: translateX(0%);
    }
    to {
        transform: translateX(-100%);
    }
}


/* On smaller screens, decrease text size */
@media only screen and (max-width: 300px) {
    .prev,
    .next,
    .text {
        font-size: 11px
    }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="slideshow-container" width="100%">
    <div class="mySlides slide-in" style="display: block;">
        <center>
            <div class="numbertext">1 / 6</div>
            <img src="https://www.midstory.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/theave1896.16.jpeg" style="width:100%">
            <div class="text">HR Koopman postcard of 112th and Michigan, facing north, in 1896.</div>
        </center>
    </div>
    <div class="mySlides slide-in" style="display: none;">
        <center>
            <div class="numbertext">2 / 6</div>
            <img src="https://www.midstory.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/theave1900.34-1.jpeg" style="width:100%">
            <div class="text">HR Koopman photograph of workmen digging sewer system on 111th and Michigan in 1900.</div>
        </center>
    </div>
    <div class="mySlides slide-in" style="display: none;">
        <center>
            <div class="numbertext">3 / 6</div>
            <img src="https://www.midstory.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/theave1903.13.jpeg" style="width:100%">
            <div class="text">111th and Michigan in 1903 taken by HR Koopman.</div>
        </center>
    </div>
    <div class="mySlides slide-in" style="display: none;">
        <center>
            <div class="numbertext">4 / 6</div>
            <img src="https://www.midstory.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/theave1904.18.jpeg" style="width:100%">
            <div class="text">HR Koopman postcard showing a busy section of South Michigan Avenue on 113th street in 1904.</div>
        </center>
    </div>
    <div class="mySlides slide-in" style="display: none;">
        <center>
            <div class="numbertext">5 / 6</div>
            <img src="https://www.midstory.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/theave1909.12.jpeg" style="width:100%">
            <div class="text">Roseland celebrates its 60th anniversary with a huge parade on July 5th, 1909.</div>
        </center>
    </div>
    <div class="mySlides fade" style="display: none;">
        <center>
            <div class="numbertext">6 / 6</div>
            <img src="https://www.midstory.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/theave1910.24.jpeg" style="width:100%">
            <div class="text">HR Koopman photograph of 115th and Michigan in 1910 showing horse and buggies, a streetcar, and bicycles.</div>
        </center>
    </div>
</div>
<br>

<script>
    var slideIndex = 0;
    showSlides();

    function showSlides() {
        var i;
        var slides = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides");
        for (i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) {
            slides[i].style.display = "none";
        }
        slideIndex++;
        if (slideIndex > slides.length) {slideIndex = 1}

        // 找到当前显示的 slide 和即将显示的 slide
        let slideToHide = document.querySelector(".mySlides[style='display: block;']");
        let slideToShow = slides[slideIndex - 1];

        // 添加动画类
        if (slideToHide) {
            slideToHide.classList.remove("slide-in");
            slideToHide.classList.add("slide-out");
        }

        slideToShow.classList.remove("slide-out");
        slideToShow.classList.add("slide-in");

        slides[slideIndex-1].style.display = "block";
        setTimeout(showSlides, 2000); // Change image every 2 seconds
    }
</script>

</body>
</html>

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