Java密码强度校验：正确检测字符串中的字母、数字和特殊字符

char[] specialChars = "!@#*+-_(%?/{}[].,;:".toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < specialChars.length; i++) {
    if (Password.indexOf(specialChars[i]) > -1) {
        System.out.println("Carattere speciale incluso.");
    } else {
        throw new MissingSpecialCharacterException(); // 错误：这里不应该立即抛出异常
    }
}

boolean foundSpecial = false;
char[] specialChars = "!@#*+-_(%?/{}[].,;:".toCharArray();
for (char sc : specialChars) {
    if (password.indexOf(sc) > -1) {
        foundSpecial = true;
        break; // 找到一个特殊字符即满足条件，可以提前退出循环
    }
}
if (!foundSpecial) {
    throw new MissingSpecialCharacterException();
}

// 可以作为独立的类文件，也可以作为内部静态类
class MissingSpecialCharacterException extends Exception {
    public MissingSpecialCharacterException() {
        super("密码缺少特殊字符。");
    }
}

class MissingNumberException extends Exception {
    public MissingNumberException() {
        super("密码缺少数字。");
    }
}

class MissingCharacterException extends Exception {
    public MissingCharacterException() {
        super("密码缺少字母。");
    }
}

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class PasswordValidator {

    // Custom Exceptions (定义为静态内部类，方便示例)
    static class MissingSpecialCharacterException extends Exception {
        public MissingSpecialCharacterException() { super("密码缺少特殊字符。"); }
    }
    static class MissingNumberException extends Exception {
        public MissingNumberException() { super("密码缺少数字。"); }
    }
    static class MissingCharacterException extends Exception {
        public MissingCharacterException() { super("密码缺少字母。"); }
    }

    /**
     * 校验密码是否符合包含字母、数字和特殊字符的要求。
     * @param password 待校验的密码字符串
     * @throws MissingCharacterException 如果密码缺少字母
     * @throws MissingNumberException 如果密码缺少数字
     * @throws MissingSpecialCharacterException 如果密码缺少特殊字符
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException 如果密码为null或空
     */
    public static void validatePassword(String password)
            throws MissingCharacterException, MissingNumberException, MissingSpecialCharacterException {

        if (password == null || password.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("密码不能为空。");
        }

        // 1. 校验是否包含字母
        boolean hasLetter = Pattern.compile(".*[a-zA-Z].*").matcher(password).matches();
        if (!hasLetter) {
            throw new MissingCharacterException();
        }

        // 2. 校验是否包含数字
        boolean hasNumber = Pattern.compile(".*\d.*").matcher(password).matches();
        if (!hasNumber) {
            throw new MissingNumberException();
        }

        // 3. 校验是否包含特殊字符
        boolean hasSpecial = false;
        char[] specialChars = "!@#*+-_(%?/{}[].,;:".toCharArray();
        for (char sc : specialChars) {
            if (password.indexOf(sc) > -1) {
                hasSpecial = true;
                break; // 找到一个即满足条件，退出循环
            }
        }
        if (!hasSpecial) {
            throw new MissingSpecialCharacterException();
        }

        System.out.println("密码符合所有要求。");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String filename = "Fakepassword.txt"; // 假设文件在项目根目录或提供完整路径

        String password = null;
        try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filename))) {
            password = br.readLine(); // 从文件中读取第一行作为密码
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("错误：无法从文件读取密码: " + e.getMessage());
            return;
        }

        if (password == null) {
            System.out.println("文件为空或未读取到密码。");
            return;
        }

        System.out.println("正在校验密码: "" + password + """);
        try {
            validatePassword(password);
        } catch (MissingCharacterException e) {
            System.out.println("校验失败: " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (MissingNumberException e) {
            System.out.println("校验失败: " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (MissingSpecialCharacterException e) {
            System.out.println("校验失败: " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            System.out.println("校验失败: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

MyP@ssw0rd

正在校验密码: "MyP@ssw0rd"
密码符合所有要求。

正在校验密码: "mypassword"
校验失败: 密码缺少数字。