深入理解Java线程生命周期：自动终止与高效管理

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

// 假设 Advert 和 AdvertRepository 已定义

public class AdvertService {

    private final AdvertRepository advertRepository;
    // 推荐使用固定大小的线程池，或根据实际情况选择其他类型
    private ExecutorService executorService;

    public AdvertService(AdvertRepository advertRepository) {
        this.advertRepository = advertRepository;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        // 初始化一个固定大小的线程池，例如，5个线程
        // 实际大小应根据服务器核心数和任务特性来决定
        this.executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
        // 或者使用 CachedThreadPool 适用于大量短期任务
        // this.executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void shutdown() {
        // 在应用程序关闭时，优雅地关闭线程池
        if (executorService != null && !executorService.isShutdown()) {
            executorService.shutdown(); // 拒绝新任务，等待已提交任务完成
            try {
                // 等待所有任务在指定时间内完成
                if (!executorService.awaitTermination(60, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
                    executorService.shutdownNow(); // 强制关闭所有正在执行的任务
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                executorService.shutdownNow();
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); // 重新中断当前线程
            }
        }
    }

    public Advert saveAdvert(Advert advert) {
        Advert advertToSave = advertRepository.save(advert);

        // 使用线程池提交任务
        executorService.submit(() -> {
            try {
                populateAdvertSearch(advertToSave);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                System.err.println("解析错误: " + e.getMessage());
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (OfficeNotFoundException e) {
                System.err.println("办公室未找到错误: " + e.getMessage());
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (OfficePropertyNotFoundException e) {
                System.err.println("办公室属性未找到错误: " + e.getMessage());
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        return advertToSave;
    }

    // 假设 populateAdvertSearch 是一个耗时的方法
    private void populateAdvertSearch(Advert advert) throws ParseException, OfficeNotFoundException, OfficePropertyNotFoundException {
        // 模拟耗时操作
        System.out.println("在线程 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 中执行 populateAdvertSearch for Advert ID: " + advert.getId());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000); // 模拟2秒钟的耗时操作
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            System.err.println("populateAdvertSearch 被中断。");
        }
        System.out.println("populateAdvertSearch for Advert ID: " + advert.getId() + " 完成。");
    }

    // 假设的 Advert 类和 AdvertRepository 接口
    public static class Advert {
        private Long id;
        private String name;
        // ... 其他属性
        public Long getId() { return id; }
        public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; }
        public String getName() { return name; }
        public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
    }

    public interface AdvertRepository {
        Advert save(Advert advert);
    }

    // 假设的异常类
    public static class OfficeNotFoundException extends Exception {}
    public static class OfficePropertyNotFoundException extends Exception {}
}