Java服务IBM MQ单元测试指南：使用Mockito和工厂模式隔离外部依赖

@Service
public class QueueConnectionService {

    private final MQConfigMapping configMapping;
    private MQQueueManager queueManager;

    @Autowired
    public QueueConnectionService(MQConfigMapping configMapping) {
        this.configMapping = configMapping;
    }

    MQQueue connect(String queuePropertyTitle, int openOptions, String queueName) throws MQException {
        // 配置MQ环境参数
        MQEnvironment.hostname = configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getHostname();
        MQEnvironment.channel = configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getChannel();
        MQEnvironment.port = configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getPort();
        MQEnvironment.userID = configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getUser();
        MQEnvironment.password = configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getPassword();

        // 直接创建MQQueueManager实例
        queueManager = new MQQueueManager(configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getQueueManager());
        return queueManager.accessQueue(queueName, openOptions);
    }
}

// MqQueueManagerFactory.java
public interface MqQueueManagerFactory {
    MQQueueManager create(String queueManagerName) throws MQException;
}

// DefaultMqQueueManagerFactory.java (实际生产环境使用的实现)
@Component
public class DefaultMqQueueManagerFactory implements MqQueueManagerFactory {
    @Override
    public MQQueueManager create(String queueManagerName) throws MQException {
        return new MQQueueManager(queueManagerName);
    }
}

@Service
public class QueueConnectionService {

    private final MQConfigMapping configMapping;
    private final MqQueueManagerFactory mqQueueManagerFactory; // 注入工厂

    private MQQueueManager queueManager; // 可以考虑将此变量声明为局部变量或通过工厂管理生命周期

    @Autowired
    public QueueConnectionService(MQConfigMapping configMapping, MqQueueManagerFactory mqQueueManagerFactory) {
        this.configMapping = configMapping;
        this.mqQueueManagerFactory = mqQueueManagerFactory;
    }

    MQQueue connect(String queuePropertyTitle, int openOptions, String queueName) throws MQException {
        // MQEnvironment配置保持不变
        MQEnvironment.hostname = configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getHostname();
        MQEnvironment.channel = configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getChannel();
        MQEnvironment.port = configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getPort();
        MQEnvironment.userID = configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getUser();
        MQEnvironment.password = configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getPassword();

        // 通过工厂创建MQQueueManager
        queueManager = mqQueueManagerFactory.create(configMapping.getNamed().get(queuePropertyTitle).getQueueManager());
        return queueManager.accessQueue(queueName, openOptions);
    }
}

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS; // 用于深度模拟链式调用

// 假设MQConfigMapping有一个名为Config的内部类或类似的配置对象
class Config {
    String hostname = "mockHost";
    String channel = "mockChannel";
    int port = 1414;
    String user = "mockUser";
    String password = "mockPassword";
    String queueManager = "mockQM";

    public String getHostname() { return hostname; }
    public String getChannel() { return channel; }
    public int getPort() { return port; }
    public String getUser() { return user; }
    public String getPassword() { return password; }
    public String getQueueManager() { return queueManager; }
}

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class) // 启用Mockito JUnit 5扩展
class QueueConnectionServiceTest {

  private static final String TEST_TITLE = "testQueueProperty";
  private static final String TEST_QUEUE_MANAGER_NAME = "mockQueueManager";
  private static final String TEST_QUEUE_NAME = "mockQueueName";
  private static final int TEST_OPEN_OPTIONS = 42;

  @InjectMocks // 注入到这个实例中，并注入其@Mock依赖
  private QueueConnectionService service;

  @Mock(answer = RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS) // 深度模拟，允许链式调用如configMapping.getNamed().get(TITLE)
  private MQConfigMapping configMapping;

  @Mock // 模拟我们新创建的工厂服务
  private MqQueueManagerFactory connectionManagerFactory;

  @Mock // 模拟MQQueueManager实例
  private MQQueueManager connectionManager;

  @Mock // 模拟MQQueue实例
  private MQQueue queue;

  @Test
  void should_provide_queue_without_real_mq_connection() throws MQException {
    // 1. 模拟配置映射的行为
    // 创建一个模拟的Config对象，用于返回配置参数
    Config mockConfig = new Config();
    when(configMapping.getNamed().get(TEST_TITLE)).thenReturn(mockConfig);

    // 2. 模拟工厂的行为：当调用工厂的create方法时，返回模拟的MQQueueManager
    when(connectionManagerFactory.create(mockConfig.getQueueManager())).thenReturn(connectionManager);

    // 3. 模拟MQQueueManager的行为：当访问队列时，返回模拟的MQQueue
    when(connectionManager.accessQueue(TEST_QUEUE_NAME, TEST_OPEN_OPTIONS)).thenReturn(queue);

    // 执行被测试的方法
    var actualQueue = service.connect(TEST_TITLE, TEST_OPEN_OPTIONS, TEST_QUEUE_NAME);

    // 验证结果：确保返回的是我们模拟的MQQueue实例
    assertSame(actualQueue, queue);
  }
}