解决Jakarta EE 8中CDI限定符与抽象类/接口组合导致的依赖注入问题

import jakarta.ejb.Asynchronous;
import jakarta.ejb.Stateless;
import jakarta.enterprise.inject.Any;
import jakarta.enterprise.inject.Instance;
import jakarta.inject.Inject;

@Stateless
public class ScheduledTaskExecutor {

    @Inject
    @Any // 注入所有QCScheduledTask的实例
    private Instance<QCScheduledTask> scheduledTasks;

    @Asynchronous
    public void executeTask(final String taskName, final String jobID) {
        // 构建限定符实例
        final ScheduledTaskQualifier qualifier = new ScheduledTaskQualifier(taskName);
        // 根据限定符选择特定的QCScheduledTask实现
        final QCScheduledTask scheduler = scheduledTasks.select(qualifier).get();
        scheduler.execute(jobID);
    }
}

public interface QCScheduledTask {
    void execute(final String jobID);
}

public abstract class AbstractQCScheduledTask implements QCScheduledTask {
    private String jobID;

    protected abstract void executeTask();

    @Override
    public void execute(final String jobID) {
        // 实现公共逻辑，或委托给抽象方法
        this.jobID = jobID;
        executeTask();
        // ... 其他逻辑，如更新状态
    }

    protected void updateStatus(final TaskStatus status) {
        // ... 更新任务状态的逻辑
    }
}

import jakarta.ejb.Stateless;
import jakarta.inject.Inject;

@Stateless
@QCScheduled(taskName = "TASK_BACKGROUND_JOB_EVALUATION") // 使用自定义限定符
public class BackgroundJobEvaluationExecuter extends AbstractQCScheduledTask {

    @Inject
    private BackgroundJobEvaluator backgroundJobEvaluator; // 注入其他依赖

    @Override
    protected void executeTask() {
        // 执行具体的任务逻辑
        backgroundJobEvaluator.evaluateJobs();
    }
}

import jakarta.enterprise.util.AnnotationLiteral;
import jakarta.inject.Qualifier;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.*;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;

@Qualifier
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Target({METHOD, FIELD, PARAMETER, TYPE})
public @interface QCScheduled {
    /**
     * Task name discriminator
     */
    String taskName();

    // 用于动态创建限定符实例的辅助类
    class Literal extends AnnotationLiteral<QCScheduled> implements QCScheduled {
        private final String value;

        public Literal(String value) {
            this.value = value;
        }

        @Override
        public String taskName() {
            return value;
        }
    }
}

import jakarta.enterprise.inject.Any;
import jakarta.enterprise.inject.Default;
import jakarta.enterprise.inject.spi.CDI;
import jakarta.inject.Qualifier;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

// 这是一个用于在运行时动态创建QCScheduled限定符实例的类
// 实际应用中，QCScheduled.Literal 已经包含了这个功能，这里只是为了演示问题上下文
public class ScheduledTaskQualifier implements Annotation {
    private final String taskName;

    public ScheduledTaskQualifier(String taskName) {
        this.taskName = taskName;
    }

    @Override
    public Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType() {
        return QCScheduled.class;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
        ScheduledTaskQualifier that = (ScheduledTaskQualifier) o;
        return taskName.equals(that.taskName);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return taskName.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "@" + QCScheduled.class.getName() + "(taskName=" + taskName + ")";
    }
}

import jakarta.ejb.Local; // 导入正确的Local注解

@Local // 添加 @Local 注解
public interface QCScheduledTask {
    void execute(final String jobID);
}