如何在Golang中实现结构体嵌套与组合_Golang结构体嵌套组合使用方法汇总

type Address struct {
    City  string
    State string
}

type Person struct {
    Name    string
    Age     int
    Addr    Address  // 嵌套结构体
}

person := Person{
    Name: "Alice",
    Age:  30,
    Addr: Address{
        City:  "Beijing",
        State: "China",
    },
}
// 访问嵌套字段
fmt.Println(person.Addr.City) // 输出：Beijing

type Animal struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

func (a *Animal) Speak() {
    fmt.Printf("%s says hello!\n", a.Name)
}

type Dog struct {
    Animal  // 匿名嵌套
    Breed string
}

dog := Dog{
    Animal: Animal{Name: "Lucky", Age: 3},
    Breed:  "Golden Retriever",
}

// 直接访问嵌套字段
fmt.Println(dog.Name)   // 输出：Lucky
fmt.Println(dog.Age)    // 输出：3

// 直接调用嵌套方法
dog.Speak()             // 输出：Lucky says hello!

// 也可以通过完整路径访问
fmt.Println(dog.Animal.Name)

type A struct {
    X int
}

type B struct {
    X int
}

type C struct {
    A
    B
}

c := C{}
c.A.X = 10
c.B.X = 20
fmt.Println(c.A.X, c.B.X) // 输出：10 20

type Vehicle struct {
    Brand string
}

func (v *Vehicle) Start() {
    fmt.Println("Vehicle starting...")
}

type Car struct {
    Vehicle
}

// “覆盖”Start方法
func (c *Car) Start() {
    fmt.Println("Car starting with key...")
}

car := Car{Vehicle: Vehicle{Brand: "Toyota"}}
car.Start()           // 输出：Car starting with key...
car.Vehicle.Start()   // 仍可调用原始方法