解决 Hibernate 6 大量数据查询性能瓶颈：深入解析与优化方案

package com.me;

import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

import org.h2.Driver;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.schema.Action;

public class MyApplication {
    public static void main(final String[] args) {
        Instant start = Instant.now();

        final Properties jpaProperties = new Properties();
        jpaProperties.put("hibernate.connection.url", "jdbc:h2:mem:");
        jpaProperties.put("jakarta.persistence.jdbc.driver", Driver.class.getName());
        jpaProperties.put("jakarta.persistence.schema-generation.database.action", Action.CREATE);

        try (Session session = new Configuration().addAnnotatedClass(MyEntity.class).addProperties(jpaProperties)
                .buildSessionFactory().openSession()) {
            session.beginTransaction();
            IntStream.range(0, 500000).mapToObj(i -> new MyEntity()).forEach(session::persist);
            session.getTransaction().commit(); // 确保数据已提交
            printTiming(start, "Setup / Publish");

            start = Instant.now();
            session.createQuery("FROM MyEntity", MyEntity.class).getResultList();
            printTiming(start, "Get");
        }
    }

    private static void printTiming(final Instant startTime, final String label) {
        System.out.println(MessageFormat.format("{0} took {1}", label, Duration.between(startTime, Instant.now())));
    }
}

package com.me;

import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import jakarta.persistence.GenerationType;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class MyEntity {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    protected Long id;
}

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <groupId>com.me</groupId>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>hibernate-test</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.214</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.xml.bind</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.xml.bind-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate.orm</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>6.1.5.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 如需与 Hibernate 5 对比，可切换以下依赖 -->
        <!--<dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core-jakarta</artifactId>
            <version>5.6.14.Final</version>
        </dependency>-->
    </dependencies>
</project>