如何从xml文件中批量提取特定标签的值 Python脚本实战

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<catalog>
  <book id="101">
    <title>Python入门</title>
    <author>张三</author>
    <price>45.5</price>
  </book>
  <book id="102">
    <title>数据分析实战</title>
    <author>李四</author>
    <price>67.0</price>
  </book>
</catalog>

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
<p>def extract_from_file(filepath):
tree = ET.parse(filepath)
root = tree.getroot()</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">results = []
for book in root.findall('book'):
    title = book.find('title').text if book.find('title') is not None else ''
    author = book.find('author').text if book.find('author') is not None else ''
    results.append({'title': title, 'author': author})

return results

import glob
import os
<p>def batch_extract(directory, tag_names=['title', 'author']):
all_data = []
xml_files = glob.glob(os.path.join(directory, "*.xml"))</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">for file in xml_files:
    try:
        tree = ET.parse(file)
        root = tree.getroot()
        # 假设每条记录在 book 标签下
        for elem in root.findall('book'):
            item = {}
            for tag in tag_names:
                child = elem.find(tag)
                item[tag] = child.text if child is not None else ''
            item['source_file'] = os.path.basename(file)
            all_data.append(item)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"解析失败: {file}, 错误: {e}")

return all_data

import csv
<p>def save_to_csv(data, output='output.csv'):
if not data:
print("无数据可保存")
return</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">keys = data[0].keys()
with open(output, 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as f:
    writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=keys)
    writer.writeheader()
    writer.writerows(data)
print(f"数据已保存至 {output}")

data = batch_extract('./xml_files', ['title', 'author'])
save_to_csv(data, 'books.csv')