Golang如何使用结构体嵌套与组合_Golang 结构体嵌套使用实践

type Address struct {
    Province string
    City     string
    Detail   string
}

type User struct {
    ID       int
    Name     string
    Addr     Address  // 嵌套结构体
}

user := User{
    ID:   1,
    Name: "Alice",
    Addr: Address{
        Province: "Beijing",
        City:     "Beijing",
        Detail:   "Haidian District",
    },
}
fmt.Println(user.Addr.City) // 输出：Beijing
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</p>

<H3>匿名嵌套实现组合特性</H3>
<p>Go 的一个强大特性是支持匿名字段（anonymous field），也就是将结构体直接嵌入而不指定字段名。这常被称为“组合”或“内嵌”。</p>
<p>例如：</p>
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<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">
type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

type Employee struct {
    Person  // 匿名嵌套
    Salary float64
    Dept   string
}

emp := Employee{
    Person: Person{Name: "Bob", Age: 30},
    Salary: 8000,
    Dept:   "Engineering",
}
fmt.Println(emp.Name) // 直接访问，无需 emp.Person.Name
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func (p Person) Info() {
    fmt.Printf("Name: %s, Age: %d\n", p.Name, p.Age)
}

// 调用示例
emp.Info() // 输出：Name: Bob, Age: 30

func (e Employee) Info() {
    fmt.Printf("Employee: %s, Dept: %s, Salary: %.2f\n", e.Name, e.Dept, e.Salary)
}

type Contact struct {
    Email string
    Phone string
}

type Admin struct {
    Employee        // 多层组合
    Permissions []string
}

type Logger interface {
    Log(msg string)
}

type Service struct {
    Logger
}

func (s Service) DoWork() {
    s.Log("work started") // 调用接口方法
}