Tkinter与Matplotlib：在独立窗口中显示实时动态图表的教程

from tkinter.ttk import Combobox
from tkinter import *
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

class controller():
    def __init__(self, container, model):
        self.container = container
        self.model = model() # 假设model是一个可实例化的类
        self.container.title('Jig run count')
        self.container.geometry('280x140')
        self.ani = None # 初始化FuncAnimation实例变量

    def set_up(self):
        # 假设这里有add_remove_bt，此处省略
        # self.add_remove_bt.place(x=10, y=50)
        self.count_search_bt = Button(self.container, text='   SHOW & SEARCH  ',
                                      command=self.show_and_search)
        self.count_search_bt.place(x=140, y=50)

    def show_and_search(self):
        # 1. 使用Toplevel()创建子窗口，而非Tk()
        show_and_search_form = Toplevel(self.container) # 将主窗口作为父窗口
        show_and_search_form.title("jig status and search")
        show_and_search_form.geometry('800x500')

        # 2. 正确创建Frame容器：实例化与布局分开
        self.graph_area = Frame(show_and_search_form, width=450, height=300, bg="lightgray") # 添加背景色以便观察
        self.graph_area.place(x=5, y=5)

        self.search_area = Frame(show_and_search_form, width=300, height=300, bg="cyan")
        self.search_area.place(x=460, y=5)

        self.table_area = Frame(show_and_search_form, width=750, height=100, bg="gold") # 调整宽度以适应布局
        self.table_area.place(x=5, y=310)

        # Matplotlib图表初始化
        self.fig, self.ax1 = plt.subplots(figsize=(4, 3)) # 调整图表大小以适应Frame
        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, self.graph_area)

        # 3. 将FuncAnimation赋值给实例变量self.ani，防止被垃圾回收
        self.ani = animation.FuncAnimation(self.fig, self.plot_chart, interval=1000)

        self.canvas_widget = self.canvas.get_tk_widget()
        # 使用pack布局将画布填充到graph_area Frame中
        self.canvas_widget.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=True)

        # 启动Tkinter事件循环，但对于Toplevel窗口，通常不需要单独调用mainloop()
        # show_and_search_form.mainloop() # 这行通常不需要，因为父窗口的mainloop()会管理子窗口

    def plot_chart(self, i): # FuncAnimation会传递一个帧索引参数，即使不使用也需接收
        # 假设self.model.df_path指向一个有效的CSV文件
        try:
            df = pd.read_csv(self.model.df_path, index_col='Type')
            FAT_df = df.loc['FAT'].sort_values(by="running_time", ascending=False)
            x1 = FAT_df['jig_name'].values
            y1 = FAT_df['running_time'].values

            self.ax1.clear() # 清除旧的绘图
            self.ax1.bar(x1, y1, label="top jigs")
            self.ax1.set_title("Jig Running Time")
            self.ax1.set_xlabel("Jig Name")
            self.ax1.set_ylabel("Running Time")
            self.ax1.legend()
            self.fig.canvas.draw_idle() # 重新绘制画布
        except FileNotFoundError:
            print(f"Error: CSV file not found at {self.model.df_path}")
        except KeyError:
            print("Error: 'FAT' type or 'jig_name'/'running_time' columns not found in DataFrame.")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"An unexpected error occurred in plot_chart: {e}")

# 示例Model类和主程序运行
class MockModel:
    def __init__(self):
        self.df_path = 'mock_data.csv'
        self._create_mock_csv()

    def _create_mock_csv(self):
        # 创建一个模拟的CSV文件
        data = {
            'Type': ['FAT', 'FAT', 'FAT', 'TEST', 'TEST', 'FAT'],
            'jig_name': ['JigA', 'JigB', 'JigC', 'JigD', 'JigE', 'JigF'],
            'running_time': [120, 180, 90, 200, 150, 210]
        }
        df = pd.DataFrame(data)
        df.to_csv(self.df_path, index=False)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 在实际运行前，确保mock_data.csv存在
    # 或者将MockModel集成到你的应用中
    root = Tk()
    app_controller = controller(root, MockModel)
    app_controller.set_up()
    root.mainloop()