动态修改Matplotlib图表主题的教程

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 第一次应用样式
plt.style.use('default')
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(np.random.rand(10))
ax.set_title("Default Style")
plt.show()

# 尝试在已有的图表上动态切换样式（不会生效）
# plt.style.use('dark_background')
# fig.canvas.draw_idle() # 即使重绘也无法改变已创建元素的样式
# plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QPushButton

class MatplotlibWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.figure, self.ax = plt.subplots()
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)

        # 初始绘图
        self.ax.plot(np.random.rand(10), label="Data")
        self.ax.set_title("Dynamic Theme Demo")
        self.ax.legend()

        self.style = "default" # 初始主题
        self.apply_style(self.style) # 应用初始样式

        self.button = QPushButton("Toggle Theme")
        self.button.clicked.connect(self.toggle_style)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
        layout.addWidget(self.button)
        self.setLayout(layout)

    def apply_style(self, theme_name):
        """
        根据主题名称直接修改Figure和Axes的属性
        """
        if theme_name == "dark":
            # 深色主题
            fig_facecolor = "#2b2b2b"  # 深灰色
            fig_edgecolor = "#2b2b2b"
            ax_facecolor = "#3c3c3c"   # 稍浅的深灰色
            text_color = "white"
            line_color = "#1f77b4" # 保持默认蓝色线条
        else:
            # 默认主题
            fig_facecolor = "white"
            fig_edgecolor = "white"
            ax_facecolor = "white"
            text_color = "black"
            line_color = "#1f77b4"

        # 设置Figure的背景和边框颜色
        self.figure.set_facecolor(fig_facecolor)
        self.figure.set_edgecolor(fig_edgecolor)

        # 设置Axes的背景颜色
        self.ax.set_facecolor(ax_facecolor)

        # 设置轴标签、刻度标签、标题和图例的颜色
        self.ax.set_xlabel("X-axis", color=text_color)
        self.ax.set_ylabel("Y-axis", color=text_color)
        self.ax.set_title("Dynamic Theme Demo", color=text_color)

        # 设置刻度颜色
        self.ax.tick_params(axis='x', colors=text_color)
        self.ax.tick_params(axis='y', colors=text_color)

        # 设置图例文本颜色
        if self.ax.legend_ is not None:
            plt.setp(self.ax.legend_.get_texts(), color=text_color)

        # 重新绘制画布
        self.canvas.draw_idle()

    def toggle_style(self):
        """
        切换当前主题并应用
        """
        if self.style == "dark":
            self.style = "default"
        else:
            self.style = "dark"
        self.apply_style(self.style)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])
    widget = MatplotlibWidget()
    widget.setWindowTitle("Matplotlib Dynamic Theme Example")
    widget.show()
    app.exec_()