如何搭建RESTfulAPI接口_PHP框架构建RESTfulAPI详细步骤

/api
  ├── index.php           # 入口文件
  ├── config/database.php # 数据库连接
  ├── models/User.php     # 用户模型
  ├── controllers/UserController.php # 控制器
  └── utils/Response.php  # 响应工具类

if (isset($parts[2])) {
    $id = $parts[2];
    switch ($method) {
        case 'GET':
            echo json_encode($controller->getById($id));
            break;
        case 'PUT':
            parse_str(file_get_contents('php://input'), $putData);
            echo json_encode($controller->update($id, $putData));
            break;
        case 'DELETE':
            echo json_encode($controller->delete($id));
            break;
    }
} else {
    switch ($method) {
        case 'GET':
            echo json_encode($controller->getAll());
            break;
        case 'POST':
            $data = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true);
            echo json_encode($controller->create($data));
            break;
    }
}

<H3>连接数据库并创建模型</H3>
<p>在 config/database.php 中建立PDO连接：</p>
```php
<?php
// config/database.php
$host = 'localhost';
$db   = 'api_db';
$user = 'root';
$pass = '';
$charset = 'utf8mb4';

$dsn = "mysql:host=$host;dbname=$db;charset=$charset";
$options = [
    PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE            => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
    PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC
];

try {
    $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass, $options);
} catch (\PDOException $e) {
    throw new \PDOException($e->getMessage(), (int)$e->getCode());
}
?>

public function __construct() {
    global $pdo;
    $this->pdo = $pdo;
}

public function getAll() {
    $stmt = $this->pdo->query("SELECT id, name, email FROM users");
    return $stmt->fetchAll();
}

public function getById($id) {
    $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare("SELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE id = ?");
    $stmt->execute([$id]);
    return $stmt->fetch() ?: ['error' => 'User not found'];
}

public function create($data) {
    $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (?, ?)");
    $stmt->execute([$data['name'], $data['email']]);
    return ['id' => $this->pdo->lastInsertId(), 'message' => 'User created'];
}

public function update($id, $data) {
    $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare("UPDATE users SET name = ?, email = ? WHERE id = ?");
    $stmt->execute([$data['name'], $data['email'], $id]);
    return $stmt->rowCount() ? ['message' => 'User updated'] : ['error' => 'Update failed'];
}

public function delete($id) {
    $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ?");
    $stmt->execute([$id]);
    return $stmt->rowCount() ? ['message' => 'User deleted'] : ['error' => 'Delete failed'];
}

<H3>编写控制器处理逻辑</H3>
<p>UserController.php 负责调用模型并返回结果：</p>
```php
<?php
// controllers/UserController.php
require_once '../models/User.php';

class UserController {
    private $user;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->user = new User();
    }

    public function getAll() {
        return ['users' => $this->user->getAll()];
    }

    public function getById($id) {
        return $this->user->getById($id);
    }

    public function create($data) {
        if (empty($data['name']) || empty($data['email'])) {
            http_response_code(400);
            return ['error' => 'Name and email required'];
        }
        return $this->user->create($data);
    }

    public function update($id, $data) {
        if (empty($data['name']) || empty($data['email'])) {
            http_response_code(400);
            return ['error' => 'Name and email required'];
        }
        return $this->user->update($id, $data);
    }

    public function delete($id) {
        return $this->user->delete($id);
    }
}
?>