Django模板中访问父模型属性：列表页显示项目标题的最佳实践

# models.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.urls import reverse

class Project(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    description = models.TextField(default='')
    date_posted = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('project-detail', kwargs={'pk': self.pk})

class Post(models.Model):
    project = models.ForeignKey(Project, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='posts') # 关键的related_name
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    description = models.TextField(default='')
    date_posted = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    # ... 其他字段和方法 ...

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('post-detail', kwargs={'pk': self.pk})

# views.py (原始方法)
from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from .models import Post, Project

class ProjectPostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = 'blog/project_posts.html'
    context_object_name = 'posts' # 上下文变量名为 'posts'
    paginate_by = 10

    def get_queryset(self):
        project = get_object_or_404(Project, title=self.kwargs.get('title'))
        return Post.objects.filter(project=project).order_by('-date_posted')

<!-- blog/project_posts.html (原始模板片段) -->
<h1 class="mb-3">Posts for {{ post.project.title }}</h1> {# 这里会出问题，因为页面顶部没有独立的 'post' 对象 #}
{% for post in posts %}
    <article class="media content-section">
        {# ... 显示帖子内容 ... #}
        <h2><a class="article-title">{{ post.title }}</a></h2>
        <p class="article-content">{{ post.description }}</p>
    </article>
{% endfor %}

# views.py (优化后)
from django.views.generic import DetailView # 引入 DetailView
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from .models import Project, Post # 确保导入 Project 和 Post

class ProjectDetailView(DetailView): # 将其改为 ProjectDetailView，继承 DetailView
    model = Project # 视图现在关注 Project 模型
    template_name = 'blog/project_posts.html' # 模板名称不变
    context_object_name = 'project' # 将 Project 实例放入名为 'project' 的上下文变量

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        # 根据 URL 中的 'title' 参数获取对应的 Project 对象
        return get_object_or_404(Project, title=self.kwargs.get('title'))

    # 如果需要分页 Posts，可以在这里或模板中实现，例如：
    # def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
    #     context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
    #     project = self.get_object()
    #     posts = project.posts.all().order_by('-date_posted')
    #     paginator = Paginator(posts, self.paginate_by) # self.paginate_by 需要定义
    #     page = self.request.GET.get('page')
    #     context['posts'] = paginator.get_page(page)
    #     return context

# urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
from .views import ProjectDetailView # 导入新的视图类

urlpatterns = [
    # ... 其他 URL 模式 ...
    path('project/<str:title>/', ProjectDetailView.as_view(), name='project-posts'), # 指向 ProjectDetailView
    # ... 其他 URL 模式 ...
]

<!-- blog/project_posts.html (优化后) -->
<h1 class="mb-3">Posts for {{ project.title }}</h1> {# 直接访问 project 对象的 title 属性 #}

{% for post in project.posts.all %} {# 通过 project.posts.all 访问所有关联的帖子 #}
    <article class="media content-section">
        <img class="rounded-circle article-img" src="{{ post.author.profile.image.url }}">
        <div class="media-body">
            <div class="article-metadata">
                <a class="mr-2">{{ post.author }}</a>
                <small class="text-muted">{{ post.date_posted|date:"F d, Y" }}</small>
            </div>
            <h2><a class="article-title">{{ post.title }}</a></h2>
            <p class="article-content">{{ post.description }}</p>
        </div>
    </article>
{% endfor %}