Django模板中访问和展示关联父模型属性的策略

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.urls import reverse

class Project(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    description = models.TextField(default='')
    date_posted = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('project-detail', kwargs = {'pk': self.pk})

class Post(models.Model):
    # 为 ForeignKey 指定 related_name 是良好实践，方便反向查询
    project = models.ForeignKey(Project, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='posts') 
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    description = models.TextField(default='')
    date_posted = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    LOW = '!'
    MED = '!!'
    HIGH = '!!!'

    SEVERITY_CHOICES = [
        (LOW, '!'),
        (MED, '!!'),
        (HIGH, '!!!'),
    ]
    severity = models.CharField(
        max_length=3,
        choices=SEVERITY_CHOICES,
        default=LOW,
    )

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('post-detail', kwargs = {'pk': self.pk})

from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from .models import Post, Project

class ProjectPostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = 'blog/project_posts.html'
    context_object_name = 'posts' # 模板中将通过 'posts' 访问 Post 列表
    paginate_by = 10

    def get_queryset(self):
        # 根据 URL 参数获取项目标题，然后过滤出该项目下的所有文章
        project = get_object_or_404(Project, title=self.kwargs.get('title'))
        return Post.objects.filter(project=project).order_by('-date_posted')

<h1 class="mb-3">Posts for {{ post.project.title }}</h1> {# 此处 post 未定义，或引用了循环内第一个post的project #}
{% for post in posts %}
    {# ... 文章内容 ... #}
{% endfor %}

from django.views.generic import DetailView
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from .models import Project, Post # 导入 Post 模型以供后续使用，但 DetailView 的 model 是 Project

class ProjectPostsDetailView(DetailView): # 更改类名以反映其新职责
    model = Project # 视图现在关注的是 Project 对象
    template_name = 'blog/project_posts.html' # 模板名称不变
    context_object_name = 'project' # 在模板中，Project 对象将通过 'project' 访问

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        # DetailView 默认通过 pk 或 slug 获取对象，这里我们根据 title 获取
        return get_object_or_404(Project, title=self.kwargs.get('title'))

    # 如果需要额外的上下文，可以重写 get_context_data
    # def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
    #     context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
    #     # self.object 此时就是当前 Project 实例
    #     context['posts'] = self.object.posts.all().order_by('-date_posted') 
    #     return context

# blog/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views # 假设 views.py 包含 ProjectPostsDetailView

urlpatterns = [
    # ... 其他 URL 模式 ...
    # 将原来的 'project/<str:title>' 关联到新的 DetailView
    path('project/<str:title>/', views.ProjectPostsDetailView.as_view(), name='project-posts'),
    # ... 其他 URL 模式 ...
]

<!-- blog/project_posts.html -->
<h1 class="mb-3">Posts for {{ project.title }}</h1> {# 直接访问 project 对象的 title 属性 #}

{% for post in project.posts.all %} {# 迭代 project 关联的所有 posts #}
    <article class="media content-section">
        <img class="rounded-circle article-img" src="{{ post.author.profile.image.url }}">
        <div class="media-body">
            <div class="article-metadata">
                <a class="mr-2">{{ post.author }}</a>
                <small class="text-muted">{{ post.date_posted|date:"F d, Y" }}</small>
            </div>
            <h2><a class="article-title">{{ post.title }}</a></h2>
            <p class="article-content">{{ post.description }}</p>
        </div>
    </article>
{% empty %}
    <p>This project currently has no posts.</p>
{% endfor %}