Go语言Example测试：深入理解其用途、输出行为及复杂输出验证策略

got:
... 实际输出内容 ...
want:
... 预期输出内容 ...

package mypackage

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
    "testing"
)

// MyComplexFunction 模拟一个生成复杂多行输出的函数
func MyComplexFunction(input string) string {
    if input == "valid" {
        return "Header Line\nItem 1: Value A\nItem 2: Value B\nFooter Line"
    }
    return "Error: Invalid input"
}

// TestMyComplexFunctionOutput 使用 TestXxx 进行复杂输出验证
func TestMyComplexFunctionOutput(t *testing.T) {
    expected := "Header Line\nItem 1: Value A\nItem 2: Value B\nFooter Line"
    actual := MyComplexFunction("valid")

    if actual != expected {
        t.Errorf("Function output mismatch.\nGot:\n%s\nWant:\n%s", actual, expected)
        // 在这里可以添加更详细的差异分析
    }
}

package mypackage

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
    "testing"
)

// MyFunctionWithManyLines 模拟一个生成多行字符串的函数
func MyFunctionWithManyLines(name string) string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("Report for: %s\nDate: 2023-10-27\nStatus: Active\nDetails: This is a sample report with multiple lines of information.\nEnd of Report.", name)
}

func TestMyFunctionWithManyLines(t *testing.T) {
    expected := "Report for: User A\nDate: 2023-10-27\nStatus: Active\nDetails: This is a sample report with multiple lines of information.\nEnd of Report."
    actual := MyFunctionWithManyLines("User A")

    if actual != expected {
        t.Errorf("Output mismatch for MyFunctionWithManyLines.")
        t.Logf("--- Diff Report ---")

        gotLines := strings.Split(actual, "\n")
        wantLines := strings.Split(expected, "\n")

        maxLines := len(gotLines)
        if len(wantLines) > maxLines {
            maxLines = len(wantLines)
        }

        for i := 0; i < maxLines; i++ {
            gotLine := ""
            if i < len(gotLines) {
                gotLine = gotLines[i]
            }
            wantLine := ""
            if i < len(wantLines) {
                wantLine = wantLines[i]
            }

            if gotLine != wantLine {
                t.Logf("Line %d:", i+1)
                t.Logf("- Got: \"%s\"", gotLine)
                t.Logf("+ Want: \"%s\"", wantLine)
            } else {
                t.Logf("Line %d: \"%s\"", i+1, gotLine) // 显示相同行
            }
        }
        t.Logf("--- End Diff Report ---")
    }
}

// ExampleMyFunctionWithManyLines 仅用于文档，不应依赖其进行复杂输出比对
func ExampleMyFunctionWithManyLines() {
    fmt.Println(MyFunctionWithManyLines("ExampleUser"))
    // Output:
    // Report for: ExampleUser
    // Date: 2023-10-27
    // Status: Active
    // Details: This is a sample report with multiple lines of information.
    // End of Report.
}

// 假设已经安装了 go-difflib
// go get github.com/pmezard/go-difflib/difflib

package mypackage

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
    "testing"

    "github.com/pmezard/go-difflib/difflib"
)

func TestMyFunctionWithDifflib(t *testing.T) {
    expected := "Line 1: Hello World\nLine 2: From Go Testing\nLine 3: Example\nLine 4: Additional Content"
    actual := "Line 1: Hello World\nLine 2: From Go Testing\nLine 3: Example Modified\nLine 5: New Content"

    if actual != expected {
        t.Errorf("Output mismatch for MyFunctionWithDifflib.")

        diff := difflib.UnifiedDiff{
            A:        difflib.SplitLines(expected),
            B:        difflib.SplitLines(actual),
            FromFile: "Expected",
            ToFile:   "Actual",
            Context:  3, // 显示上下文行数
        }
        text, err := difflib.Get