Java应用中无新增基础设施的Webhook请求宕机处理策略

CREATE TABLE webhook_requests (
    id VARCHAR(36) PRIMARY KEY,       -- 唯一请求ID
    payload TEXT NOT NULL,            -- 实际要发送给App A的数据（JSON字符串或其他序列化格式）
    status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,      -- 请求状态：NOT_CALLED, PENDING_RETRY, COMPLETE, FAILED
    last_retry_timestamp TIMESTAMP,   -- 上次重试时间
    retry_count INT DEFAULT 0,        -- 重试次数
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

-- 示例数据
-- INSERT INTO webhook_requests (id, payload, status) VALUES ('001', '{"fileId":"abc", "status":"Transfered"}', 'NOT_CALLED');

// 假设这是App B中的一个服务类
public class WebhookSenderService {

    @Autowired
    private WebhookRequestRepository webhookRequestRepository; // JPA或其他ORM的Repository
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate; // 用于发送HTTP请求

    private static final String APP_A_WEBHOOK_URL = "http://app-a/api/webhook";

    public void sendFileProcessingStatus(String fileId, String statusDetailsJson) {
        // 1. 记录待发送的请求
        WebhookRequest request = new WebhookRequest();
        request.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        request.setPayload(statusDetailsJson);
        request.setStatus("NOT_CALLED");
        request.setCreatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
        request.setUpdatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
        webhookRequestRepository.save(request);

        // 2. 立即尝试发送
        try {
            restTemplate.postForEntity(APP_A_WEBHOOK_URL, statusDetailsJson, String.class);
            // 发送成功，更新状态
            request.setStatus("COMPLETE");
            request.setUpdatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
            webhookRequestRepository.save(request);
            System.out.println("Webhook sent successfully for fileId: " + fileId);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 发送失败，更新状态为待重试
            request.setStatus("PENDING_RETRY");
            request.setLastRetryTimestamp(LocalDateTime.now());
            request.setRetryCount(request.getRetryCount() + 1);
            request.setUpdatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
            webhookRequestRepository.save(request);
            System.err.println("Failed to send webhook for fileId: " + fileId + ". Will retry. Error: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

// 假设这是App B中的一个调度任务
@Component
public class WebhookRetryScheduler {

    @Autowired
    private WebhookRequestRepository webhookRequestRepository;
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    private static final String APP_A_WEBHOOK_URL = "http://app-a/api/webhook";
    private static final int MAX_RETRIES = 5; // 最大重试次数
    private static final long RETRY_INTERVAL_SECONDS = 30; // 初始重试间隔

    @Scheduled(fixedDelay = 10000) // 每10秒执行一次
    public void retryFailedWebhooks() {
        System.out.println("Starting webhook retry process...");
        // 查询所有状态为NOT_CALLED或PENDING_RETRY且已达到重试时间的请求
        List<WebhookRequest> requestsToRetry = webhookRequestRepository.findByStatusInAndLastRetryTimestampBefore(
                Arrays.asList("NOT_CALLED", "PENDING_RETRY"),
                LocalDateTime.now().minusSeconds(RETRY_INTERVAL_SECONDS) // 简单的固定间隔
        );
        // 或者更复杂的指数退避逻辑：
        // List<WebhookRequest> requestsToRetry = webhookRequestRepository.findEligibleForRetry(MAX_RETRIES);

        for (WebhookRequest request : requestsToRetry) {
            if (request.getRetryCount() >= MAX_RETRIES) {
                // 达到最大重试次数，标记为最终失败
                request.setStatus("FAILED");
                request.setUpdatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
                webhookRequestRepository.save(request);
                System.err.println("Webhook request " + request.getId() + " reached max retries and failed.");
                continue;
            }

            try {
                // 尝试发送
                restTemplate.postForEntity(APP_A_WEBHOOK_URL, request.getPayload(), String.class);
                // 发送成功，更新状态
                request.setStatus("COMPLETE");
                request.setUpdatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
                webhookRequestRepository.save(request);
                System.out.println("Successfully retried webhook request: " + request.getId());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // 重试失败，更新重试信息
                request.setRetryCount(request.getRetryCount() + 1);
                request.setLastRetryTimestamp(LocalDateTime.now());
                request.setUpdatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
                webhookRequestRepository.save(request);
                System.err.println("Failed to retry webhook request " + request.getId() + ". Error: " + e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
}