在Java中如何使用ExceptionHandler统一处理异常_全局异常管理实践

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<String> handleNullPointer(NullPointerException e) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
                .body("发生了空指针异常：" + e.getMessage());
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleIllegalArgument(IllegalArgumentException e) {
        Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();
        response.put("error", "参数非法");
        response.put("message", e.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(response);
    }

    // 处理自定义业务异常
    @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleBusinessException(BusinessException e) {
        ErrorResponse error = new ErrorResponse(e.getCode(), e.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(error);
    }

    // 捕获未预期的其他异常
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleGeneralException(Exception e) {
        ErrorResponse error = new ErrorResponse("INTERNAL_ERROR", "系统内部错误");
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(error);
    }
}

public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
    private String code;

    public BusinessException(String code, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
    }

    // getter方法
    public String getCode() {
        return code;
    }
}

if (user == null) {
    throw new BusinessException("USER_NOT_FOUND", "用户不存在");
}

public class ErrorResponse {
    private String code;
    private String message;

    public ErrorResponse(String code, String message) {
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
    }

    // getter和setter省略
}

{
  "code": "USER_NOT_FOUND",
  "message": "用户不存在"
}