python的set和其他语言类似, 是一个无序不重复元素集, 基本功能包括关系测试和消除重复元素. 集合对象还支持union(联合), intersection(交), difference(差)和sysmmetric difference(对称差集)等数学运算
sets 支持 x in set, len(set),和 for x in set。作为一个无序的集合，sets不记录元素位置或者插入点。因此，sets不支持 indexing, slicing, 或其它类序列（sequence-like）的操作。
下面我们通过几个例子，来简单说明下
常用操作1
In [2]: a = set()
In [3]: a
Out[3]: set()
In [4]: type(a)
Out[4]: set
In [5]: b = set([1, 3])
In [6]: b
Out[6]: {1, 3}
In [7]: type(b)
Out[7]: set
In [8]: b.update(2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 b.update(2)
TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable
In [9]: b.update({2})
In [10]: b
Out[10]: {1, 2, 3}
In [11]: b.update([4])
In [12]: b
Out[12]: {1, 2, 3, 4}
In [13]: a.di
a.difference a.difference_update a.discard
In [13]: a.dif
a.difference a.difference_update
In [13]: a.difference(b)
Out[13]: set()
In [14]: a
Out[14]: set()
In [15]: b.difference(a)
Out[15]: {1, 2, 3, 4}
In [16]:
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常用操作2
In [16]: a.add({1, 3})
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 a.add({1, 3})
TypeError: unhashable type: 'set'
In [17]: a.add(4)
In [18]: a
Out[18]: {4}
In [19]: a.issu
a.issubset a.issuperset
In [19]: a.issubset(b)
Out[19]: True
In [20]: a.remove(4)
In [21]: a
Out[21]: set()
In [22]: a.union(b)
Out[22]: {1, 2, 3, 4}
In [23]: a
Out[23]: set()
In [24]: b
Out[24]: {1, 2, 3, 4}
In [25]: b.pop()
Out[25]: 1
In [26]: a.copy(b)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 a.copy(b)
TypeError: copy() takes no arguments (1 given)
In [27]: a.copy()
Out[27]: set()
In [28]: c = a.copy()
In [29]: c
Out[29]: set()
In [30]: a
Out[30]: set()
In [31]: a.add({234})
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 a.add({234})
TypeError: unhashable type: 'set'
In [32]: a.add(234)
In [33]: c
Out[33]: set()
In [34]: a
Out[34]: {234}
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常用操作3
In [35]: a.clear()
In [36]: a
Out[36]: set()
In [39]: a = {1}
In [40]: b = {1, 2}
In [41]: a.intersection(b)
Out[41]: {1}
In [43]: a
Out[43]: {1}
In [44]: b = {1, 2, 3}
In [45]: a.union(b)
Out[45]: {1, 2, 3}
In [45]: a.union(b)
Out[45]: {1, 2, 3}
In [46]: a & b
Out[46]: {1}
In [47]: a ^ b
Out[47]: {2, 3}
In [48]: a - b
Out[48]: set()
In [49]: b - a
Out[49]: {2, 3}
In [50]: a > b
Out[50]: False
In [51]: b > a
Out[51]: True
In [52]: a == b
Out[52]: False
In [53]: a != b
Out[53]: True
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