python3 OrderedDict类（有序字典）使用方法

创建有序字典

import collections
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
dic['k1'] = 'v1'dic['k2'] = 'v2'dic['k3'] = 'v3'print(dic)#输出：OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2'), ('k3', 'v3')])

clear(清空有序字典)

import collections
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
dic['k1'] = 'v1'dic['k2'] = 'v2'dic.clear()print(dic)#输出：OrderedDict()

copy(拷贝)

import collections
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
dic['k1'] = 'v1'dic['k2'] = 'v2'new_dic = dic.copy()print(new_dic)#输出：OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')])

fromkeys(指定一个列表，把列表中的值作为字典的key,生成一个字典)

import collections
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
name = ['tom','lucy','sam']print(dic.fromkeys(name))print(dic.fromkeys(name,20))#输出：OrderedDict([('tom', None), ('lucy', None), ('sam', None)])#     OrderedDict([('tom', 20), ('lucy', 20), ('sam', 20)])

items(返回由“键值对组成元素“的列表)

import collections
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
dic['k1'] = 'v1'dic['k2'] = 'v2'print(dic.items())#输出：odict_items([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')])

keys(获取字典所有的key)

import collections
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
dic['k1'] = 'v1'dic['k2'] = 'v2'print(dic.keys())# 输出：odict_keys(['k1', 'k2'])

move_to_end(指定一个key，把对应的key-value移到最后)

import collections
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
dic['k1'] = 'v1'dic['k2'] = 'v2'dic['k3'] = 'v3'dic.move_to_end('k1')print(dic)# 输出：OrderedDict([('k2', 'v2'), ('k3', 'v3'), ('k1', 'v1')])

pop(获取指定key的value，并在字典中删除)

import collections
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
dic['k1'] = 'v1'dic['k2'] = 'v2'dic['k3'] = 'v3'k = dic.pop('k2')print(k,dic)# 输出：v2 OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1'), ('k3', 'v3')])

popitem(按照后进先出原则，删除最后加入的元素，返回key-value)

import collections
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
dic['k1'] = 'v1'dic['k2'] = 'v2'dic['k3'] = 'v3'print(dic.popitem(),dic)print(dic.popitem(),dic)# 输出：('k3', 'v3') OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')])#      ('k2', 'v2') OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1')])

setdefault(获取指定key的value，如果key不存在，则创建)

import collections
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
dic['k1'] = 'v1'dic['k2'] = 'v2'dic['k3'] = 'v3'val = dic.setdefault('k5')print(val,dic)# 输出：None OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2'), ('k3', 'v3'), ('k5', None)])

values(获取字典所有的value，返回一个列表)

import collections
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
dic['k1'] = 'v1'dic['k2'] = 'v2'dic['k3'] = 'v3'print(dic.values())# 输出：odict_values(['v1', 'v2', 'v3'])