oauth2是现代应用程序中广泛使用的身份验证和授权协议之一。它允许用户授权第三方应用程序访问其资源,同时保护用户敏感信息不被泄露。在本文中,我们将介绍如何使用java后端开发基于oauth2构建安全的api。
OAuth2是一种流行的授权协议,旨在解决应用程序间授权问题。它允许用户授权第三方应用程序访问其资源,例如谷歌云端硬盘或Facebook账户,同时保护用户凭据不被泄露。OAuth2中包含4种角色:资源拥有者、客户端、授权服务器和资源服务器。资源拥有者是具有被保护资源的用户或实体;客户端是请求访问资源的应用程序;授权服务器是验证资源拥有者身份并颁发访问令牌的服务器;资源服务器是存储和提供资源的服务器。OAuth2通过授权服务器发出令牌,客户端使用令牌向资源服务器请求资源。
OAuth2流程包含以下步骤:
要构建安全的API,我们需要实现以下步骤:
以下是一个基于Java和Spring框架的OAuth2示例:
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@EnableAuthorizationServer
@Configuration
public class OAuth2AuthorizationConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {
private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
private final UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
public OAuth2AuthorizationConfig(
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder,
AuthenticationManager authenticationManager,
UserDetailsService userDetailsService
) {
this.passwordEncoder = passwordEncoder;
this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
}
@Override
public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception {
clients.inMemory()
.withClient("client")
.secret(passwordEncoder.encode("secret"))
.authorizedGrantTypes("authorization_code")
.scopes("read", "write", "trust")
.redirectUris("http://localhost:8080/login/oauth2/code/");
}
@Override
public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception {
endpoints.authenticationManager(authenticationManager)
.userDetailsService(userDetailsService);
}}
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
private final UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
@Autowired
public WebSecurityConfig(
UserDetailsService userDetailsService,
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder
) {
this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
this.passwordEncoder = passwordEncoder;
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService)
.passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder);
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/oauth/**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.oauth2Login();
}}
@RestController
public class ClientController {
private final OAuth2AuthorizedClientService authorizedClientService;
@Autowired
public ClientController(OAuth2AuthorizedClientService authorizedClientService) {
this.authorizedClientService = authorizedClientService;
}
@GetMapping("/resource")
public ResponseEntity<String> getResource(OAuth2AuthenticationToken authentication) {
OAuth2AuthorizedClient authorizedClient = authorizedClientService.loadAuthorizedClient(
authentication.getAuthorizedClientRegistrationId(),
authentication.getName()
);
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setBearerAuth(authorizedClient.getAccessToken().getTokenValue());
HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<>(headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = new RestTemplate().exchange(
"http://localhost:8081/resource",
HttpMethod.GET,
entity,
String.class
);
return response;
}}
@RestController
public class ResourceController {
@GetMapping("/resource")
public ResponseEntity<String> getResource() {
return ResponseEntity.ok("resource");
}}
@Configuration
@EnableResourceServer
public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/oauth/**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.oauth2ResourceServer()
.jwt();
}}
在本文中,我们介绍了OAuth2协议的流程,并提供了一个基于Java和Spring框架的示例。通过使用OAuth2,我们可以建立更安全的API,并保护用户敏感信息不被泄露。在API开发中,我们应该始终重视安全性,以保护用户数据和应用程序资源。
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