初学者指南：Golang中如何使用缓存提高应用程序性能？

c := map[string]string{}

// 获取缓存的值
value, ok := c["key"]
if ok {
    fmt.Printf("cached value: %s
", value)
}

// 向缓存中设置新值
c["key"] = "value"
fmt.Println("cached value set.")

// 检查缓存中是否存在特定键
_, ok = c["key"]
if ok {
    fmt.Println("key exists in the cache.")
}

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个sync.Map类型变量
    cachedItems := &sync.Map{}

    // 向缓存中设置新值
    cachedItems.Store("key1", "value1")
    fmt.Println("cached value set.")

    // 获取缓存的值
    if value, ok := cachedItems.Load("key1"); ok {
        fmt.Printf("cached value: %s
", value)
    }

    // 检查缓存中是否存在特定键
    if _, ok := cachedItems.Load("key1"); ok {
        fmt.Println("key exists in the cache.")
    }
}

import (
    "container/list"
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

type lruCache struct {
    maxEntries int
    list       *list.List
    cache      map[string]*list.Element
    mutex      sync.Mutex
}

type lruEntry struct {
    key   string
    value interface{}
}

func NewLRUCache(maxEntries int) *lruCache {
    return &lruCache{
        maxEntries: maxEntries,
        list:       list.New(),
        cache:      make(map[string]*list.Element),
    }
}

func (c *lruCache) Add(key string, value interface{}) {
    c.mutex.Lock()
    defer c.mutex.Unlock()

    if elem, ok := c.cache[key]; ok {
        c.list.MoveToFront(elem)
        elem.Value.(*lruEntry).value = value
        return
    }

    elem := c.list.PushFront(&lruEntry{key, value})
    c.cache[key] = elem

    if c.list.Len() > c.maxEntries {
        c.expireOldest()
    }
}

func (c *lruCache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
    c.mutex.Lock()
    defer c.mutex.Unlock()

    if elem, ok := c.cache[key]; ok {
        c.list.MoveToFront(elem)
        return elem.Value.(*lruEntry).value, true
    }

    return nil, false
}

func (c *lruCache) expireOldest() {
    elem := c.list.Back()
    if elem != nil {
        c.list.Remove(elem)
        delete(c.cache, elem.Value.(*lruEntry).key)
    }
}

func main() {
    lru := NewLRUCache(2)

    lru.Add("key1", "value1")
    lru.Add("key2", "value2")
    lru.Add("key3", "value3")

    if value, ok := lru.Get("key2"); ok {
        fmt.Printf("cached value: %s
", value)
    }
}