如何利用C++进行高性能的并发任务调度？

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>

void task(int id) {
    std::cout << "Task " << id << " is being executed." << std::endl;
    // TODO: 执行任务的具体操作
}

int main() {
    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
    const int numThreads = 4;
    const int numTasks = 100;

    for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++) {
        threads.push_back(std::thread(task, i));
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++) {
        threads[i].join();
    }

    std::cout << "All tasks have been completed." << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
#include <condition_variable>

std::atomic_int counter(0);
std::condition_variable cv;
std::mutex mtx;

void task() {
    while (true) {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
        cv.wait(lock, []{ return counter.load() > 0; });
        int taskId = counter.fetch_sub(1);

        if (taskId > 0) {
            std::cout << "Task " << taskId << " is being executed." << std::endl;
            // TODO: 执行任务的具体操作
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    const int numTasks = 100;
    const int numThreads = 4;
    
    std::vector<std::thread> threads;

    for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++) {
        threads.push_back(std::thread(task));
    }

    for (int i = 1; i <= numTasks; i++) {
        counter++;
        cv.notify_one();
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++) {
        threads[i].join();
    }

    std::cout << "All tasks have been completed." << std::endl;

    return 0;
}