
编写一个C程序来定义结构体并显示成员变量的大小和偏移量
结构体 - 它是一个不同数据类型变量的集合,组合在一个名称下。
datatype member1;
struct tagname{
datatype member2;
datatype member n;
};在这里,struct - 关键字
tagname - 指定结构的名称
member1, member2 - 指定构成结构的数据项。
struct book{
int pages;
char author [30];
float price;
};声明结构体变量有三种方式 -
struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
}b;struct{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
}b;struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
};
struct book b;成员与结构变量之间的链接是通过成员运算符(或者点运算符)建立的。
可以通过以下方式进行初始化:
struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
} b = {100, "balu", 325.75};struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
};
struct book b = {100, "balu", 325.75};struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
} ;
struct book b;
b. pages = 100;
strcpy (b.author, "balu");
b.price = 325.75;struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
} ;
struct book b;
scanf ("%d", &b.pages);
scanf ("%s", b.author);
scanf ("%f", &b. price);使用数据成员声明结构,并尝试打印它们的偏移值以及结构的大小。
实时演示
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stddef.h>
struct tutorial{
int a;
int b;
char c[4];
float d;
double e;
};
int main(){
struct tutorial t1;
printf("the size 'a' is :%d</p><p>",sizeof(t1.a));
printf("the size 'b' is :%d</p><p>",sizeof(t1.b));
printf("the size 'c' is :%d</p><p>",sizeof(t1.c));
printf("the size 'd' is :%d</p><p>",sizeof(t1.d));
printf("the size 'e' is :%d</p><p>",sizeof(t1.e));
printf("the offset 'a' is :%d</p><p>",offsetof(struct tutorial,a));
printf("the offset 'b' is :%d</p><p>",offsetof(struct tutorial,b));
printf("the offset 'c' is :%d</p><p>",offsetof(struct tutorial,c));
printf("the offset 'd' is :%d</p><p>",offsetof(struct tutorial,d));
printf("the offset 'e' is :%d</p><p></p><p>",offsetof(struct tutorial,e));
printf("size of the structure tutorial is :%d",sizeof(t1));
return 0;
}the size 'a' is :4 the size 'b' is :4 the size 'c' is :4 the size 'd' is :4 the size 'e' is :8 the offset 'a' is :0 the offset 'b' is :4 the offset 'c' is :8 the offset 'd' is :12 the offset 'e' is :16 size of the structure tutorial is :24
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