如何使用回溯法在PHP中实现0-1背包问题的高效解决方案？

<?php

// 通过回溯法解决0-1背包问题

/**
 * @param int $maxValue 当前最大价值
 * @param int $curWeight 当前已选择物品的总重量
 * @param int $curValue 当前已选择物品的总价值
 * @param int $curIndex 当前已选择的物品索引
 * @param int $totalWeight 背包的总重量
 * @param int[] $weights 物品的重量数组
 * @param int[] $values 物品的价值数组
 * @return int 当前已选择物品的最大价值
 */
function knapsack($maxValue, $curWeight, $curValue, $curIndex, $totalWeight, $weights, $values)
{
    if ($curIndex == count($weights) || $curWeight == $totalWeight) {
        return $curValue;
    }
  
    $value1 = 0;
    if ($curWeight + $weights[$curIndex] <= $totalWeight) {
        // 选择当前物品
        $value1 = knapsack($maxValue, $curWeight + $weights[$curIndex], $curValue + $values[$curIndex], $curIndex + 1, $totalWeight, $weights, $values);
    }
  
    // 不选择当前物品
    $value2 = knapsack($maxValue, $curWeight, $curValue, $curIndex + 1, $totalWeight, $weights, $values);

    return max($value1, $value2);
}
  
$weights = [2, 3, 4, 5]; // 物品的重量数组
$values = [3, 4, 8, 9]; // 物品的价值数组
$totalWeight = 9;  // 背包的总重量

$maxValue = knapsack(0, 0, 0, 0, $totalWeight, $weights, $values);

echo "最大价值为：" . $maxValue;

?>