如何在PHP微服务中实现分布式流量控制和负载均衡

<?php
class TokenBucket {
    private $key;
    private $capacity;
    private $rate;

    public function __construct($key, $capacity, $rate) {
        $this->key = $key;
        $this->capacity = $capacity;  // 令牌桶容量
        $this->rate = $rate;  // 令牌生成速率
    }

    public function getToken() {
        $redis = new Redis();
        $redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
        
        // 获取当前桶中的令牌数
        $tokens = $redis->get($this->key);
        
        // 计算需要等待的时间
        $waitTime = ($this->capacity - $tokens) / $this->rate;
        usleep($waitTime * 1000000);  // 暂停等待
        
        // 获取令牌成功，减少桶中的令牌数
        $redis->decr($this->key);
    }
}

<?php
class DistributedTokenBucket {
    private $key;
    private $capacity;
    private $rate;

    public function __construct($key, $capacity, $rate) {
        $this->key = $key;
        $this->capacity = $capacity;  // 令牌桶容量
        $this->rate = $rate;  // 令牌生成速率
    }

    public function getToken() {
        $zookeeper = new Zookeeper('127.0.0.1:2181');
        $path = '/token_bucket/' . $this->key;
        
        // 创建Znode节点
        $zookeeper->create($path, null);

        // 检查令牌桶容量是否满足需求
        while ($zookeeper->getChildren($path) > $this->capacity) {
            usleep(1000000 / $this->rate);  // 暂停等待
        }
        
        // 获取令牌成功，增加桶中的令牌数
        $zookeeper->create($path . '/', null);
    }
}

<?php
class LoadBalancer {
    private $servers;
    private $current = 0;

    public function __construct($servers) {
        $this->servers = $servers;
    }

    public function getNextServer() {
        if ($this->current >= count($this->servers)) {
            $this->current = 0;  // 超出索引，重置
        }
        $server = $this->servers[$this->current];
        $this->current++;
        return $server;
    }
}

http {
    upstream php_servers {
        server 127.0.0.1:8000;
        server 127.0.0.1:8001;
        server 127.0.0.1:8002;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://php_servers;
        }
    }
}