关于mysql-ha，目前有多种解决方案，比如heartbeat、drbd、mmm、共享存储，但是它们各有优缺点。heartbeat、drbd配置较为复杂，需要自己写脚本才能实现mysql自动切换，对于不会脚本语言的人来说，这无疑是一种脑裂问题;对于mmm，生产环境中很少有人用，且mmm 管理端需要单独运行一台服务器上，要是想实现高可用，就得对mmm管理端做ha，这样无疑又增加了硬件开支;对于共享存储，个人觉得mysql数据还是放在本地较为安全，存储设备毕竟存在单点隐患。使用mysql双master+keepalived是一种非常好的解决方案，在mysql-ha环境中，mysql互为主从关系，这样就保证了两台mysql数据的一致性，然后用keepalived实现虚拟ip，通过keepalived自带的服务监控功能来实现mysql故障时自动切换。
下面，我把即将上线的一个生产环境中的架构与大家分享一下，看一下这个架构中，MySQL-HA是如何实现的，环境拓扑如下
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL-VIP：192.168.1.200 </li><li>MySQL-master1：192.168.1.201 </li><li class="alt">MySQL-master2：192.168.1.202 </li><li> </li><li class="alt">OS版本：CentOS 5.4 </li><li>MySQL版本：5.0.89 </li><li class="alt">Keepalived版本：1.1.20 </li></ol>
一、MySQL master-master配置
1、修改MySQL配置文件
两台MySQL均如要开启binlog日志功能，开启方法：在MySQL配置文件[MySQLd]段中加上log-bin=MySQL-bin选项
两台MySQL的server-ID不能一样，默认情况下两台MySQL的serverID都是1，需将其中一台修改为2即可
2、将192.168.1.201设为192.168.1.202的主服务器
在192.168.1.201上新建授权用户
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by 'replication'; </li><li>Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) </li><li class="alt"> </li><li>MySQL> show master status; </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ </li><li>| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ </li><li>| MySQL-bin.000003 | 374 | | | </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ </li><li>1 row in set (0.00 sec) </li></ol>
在192.168.1.202上将192.168.1.201设为自己的主服务器
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL> change master to master_host='192.168.1.201',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='MySQL-bin.000003',master_log_pos=374; </li><li>Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) </li><li class="alt"> </li><li>MySQL> start slave; </li><li class="alt">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) </li><li> </li><li class="alt">MySQL> show slave status/G </li><li>*************************** 1. row *************************** </li><li class="alt"> Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event </li><li> Master_Host: 192.168.1.201 </li><li class="alt"> Master_User: replication </li><li> Master_Port: 3306 </li><li class="alt"> Connect_Retry: 60 </li><li> Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003 </li><li class="alt"> Read_Master_Log_Pos: 374 </li><li> Relay_Log_File: MySQL-master2-relay-bin.000002 </li><li class="alt"> Relay_Log_Pos: 235 </li><li> Relay_Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003 </li><li class="alt"> Slave_IO_Running: Yes </li><li> Slave_SQL_Running: Yes </li><li class="alt"> Replicate_Do_DB: </li><li> Replicate_Ignore_DB: </li><li class="alt"> Replicate_Do_Table: </li><li> Replicate_Ignore_Table: </li><li class="alt"> Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: </li><li>Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: </li><li class="alt"> Last_Errno: 0 </li><li> Last_Error: </li><li class="alt"> Skip_Counter: 0 </li><li> Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 374 </li><li class="alt"> Relay_Log_Space: 235 </li><li> Until_Condition: None </li><li class="alt"> Until_Log_File: </li><li> Until_Log_Pos: 0 </li><li class="alt"> Master_SSL_Allowed: No </li><li> Master_SSL_CA_File: </li><li class="alt"> Master_SSL_CA_Path: </li><li> Master_SSL_Cert: </li><li class="alt"> Master_SSL_Cipher: </li><li> Master_SSL_Key: </li><li class="alt"> Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 </li><li>1 row in set (0.00 sec) </li></ol>
3、将192.168.1.202设为192.168.1.201的主服务器
在192.168.1.202上新建授权用户
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by 'replication'; </li><li>Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) </li><li class="alt"> </li><li>MySQL> show master status; </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ </li><li>| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ </li><li>| MySQL-bin.000003 | 374 | | | </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ </li><li>1 row in set (0.00 sec) </li></ol>
在192.168.1.201上，将192.168.1.202设为自己的主服务器
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL> change master to master_host='192.168.1.202',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='MySQL-bin.000003',master_log_pos=374; </li><li>Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) </li><li class="alt"> </li><li>MySQL> start slave; </li><li class="alt">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) </li><li> </li><li class="alt">MySQL> show slave status/G </li><li>*************************** 1. row *************************** </li><li class="alt"> Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event </li><li> Master_Host: 192.168.1.202 </li><li class="alt"> Master_User: replication </li><li> Master_Port: 3306 </li><li class="alt"> Connect_Retry: 60 </li><li> Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003 </li><li class="alt"> Read_Master_Log_Pos: 374 </li><li> Relay_Log_File: MySQL-master1-relay-bin.000002 </li><li class="alt"> Relay_Log_Pos: 235 </li><li> Relay_Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003 </li><li class="alt"> Slave_IO_Running: Yes </li><li> Slave_SQL_Running: Yes </li><li class="alt"> Replicate_Do_DB: </li><li> Replicate_Ignore_DB: </li><li class="alt"> Replicate_Do_Table: </li><li> Replicate_Ignore_Table: </li><li class="alt"> Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: </li><li>Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: </li><li class="alt"> Last_Errno: 0 </li><li> Last_Error: </li><li class="alt"> Skip_Counter: 0 </li><li> Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 374 </li><li class="alt"> Relay_Log_Space: 235 </li><li> Until_Condition: None </li><li class="alt"> Until_Log_File: </li><li> Until_Log_Pos: 0 </li><li class="alt"> Master_SSL_Allowed: No </li><li> Master_SSL_CA_File: </li><li class="alt"> Master_SSL_CA_Path: </li><li> Master_SSL_Cert: </li><li class="alt"> Master_SSL_Cipher: </li><li> Master_SSL_Key: </li><li class="alt"> Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 </li><li>1 row in set (0.00 sec) </li></ol>
4、MySQL同步测试
如上述均正确配置，现在任何一台MySQL上更新数据都会同步到另一台MySQL，MySQL同步在此不再演示
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